Household Chemicals, Kerosene and Petrol and Their Uses for Pre-School Level 2

Class: Pre-School Level 2

Term: Third Term

Week: 8

Age: 3 years

Duration: 30 minutes

Subject: Pre-Science

Curriculum Theme: Not separately stated in the scheme.

Previous Lesson: Identifying common objects found at home.

Topic: HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS: KEROSENE AND PETROL AND THEIR USES

Subject Matter: CHEMICALS USED AT HOME. Kerosene: for Cooking Petrol: for Powering Generators, Vehicles, Etc. Detergent and Soap: for Washing and Bathing.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• Identify kerosene and petrol when shown.
• Name one use for kerosene (cooking).
• Name one use for petrol (generators, cars).
• Identify detergent and soap.
• State one use for detergent or soap (washing, bathing).

Affective Domain

• Show caution and understanding that kerosene and petrol are dangerous for children.
• Listen attentively to the teacher’s instructions.

Psychomotor Domain

• Point to pictures or real objects of household chemicals.
• Participate in singing a song about household chemicals.

Social Domain

• Actively participate in the discussion by responding to questions.

Reference Materials

• NAPPS National Unified Teaching Scheme for Pre-School Level 2
• Relevant Early Childhood Care and Education resources

Instructional Materials

• Kerosene (in a clearly labelled, securely sealed, child-proof container for display only)
• Petrol (in a clearly labelled, securely sealed, child-proof container for display only)
• Detergent
• Soap
• Water
• Picture cards of a cooking stove, generator, car, someone washing clothes, someone bathing
• Charts showing household chemicals and their uses

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps 3-year-olds recognise common household chemicals like kerosene, petrol, detergent, and soap. Understanding their uses and, critically, the dangers of some, is essential for their safety and awareness of their immediate environment. It helps children develop a foundational understanding of the world around them and learn important safety habits from a young age.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are familiar with identifying various objects found in their homes and can follow simple instructions.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

HOUSEHOLD CHEMICALS: KEROSENE AND PETROL AND THEIR USES

At home, we have many things. Some are called chemicals. We must be very careful with them.

Kerosene

• Kerosene looks like water, but it has a strong smell.
• Adults use kerosene for cooking food on a stove.
• Kerosene is DANGEROUS for children. Only adults can touch it.

(Show picture of stove and sealed kerosene bottle)

Petrol

• Petrol also looks like water and has a very strong smell.
• Adults use petrol to make generators work and to make cars and motorcycles move.
• Petrol is DANGEROUS for children. Only adults can touch it.

(Show pictures of generator, car, and sealed petrol bottle)

Detergent and Soap

• Detergent and soap are used for cleaning.
• We use detergent to wash clothes.
• We use soap to bathe and wash our hands.
• Detergent and soap are safe to use with water for washing, but we don’t drink them.

(Show detergent, soap, and pictures of washing/bathing)

Key Words

• Kerosene – a liquid adults use for cooking.
• Petrol – a liquid adults use for generators and cars.
• Detergent – powder or liquid used for washing clothes.
• Soap – used for bathing and washing hands.
• Dangerous – not safe, can hurt you.

Household Chemicals Safety Song

Tune: “Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star”

Kerosene and petrol too,
Adults use them, not for you.
Strong smell, dangerous, please don’t touch,
They can hurt you very much.
Soap and detergent, we can use,
To wash and clean, no bad news!

Actions:
Line 1-2: Shake head “no” and point to adults.
Line 3-4: Hold nose, then cross arms “X”.
Line 5-6: Rub hands together like washing, then smile.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Play-based Learning, Demonstration, Guided Practice, Songs and Rhymes, Picture Talk, Question and Answer, Repetition, Practical Activity.

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Engagement/Recall

Teacher’s Activity: Greet pupils. Ask them to name some things they see in their homes. Introduce the topic: “Today, we will learn about some special things at home called household chemicals, and what they are used for.”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils greet the teacher and name familiar household items like chairs, tables, cups. They listen to the topic introduction.

Learning Point: Pupils are engaged and ready to learn about household items.

Step 2: Presentation – Kerosene

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Explanation

Teacher’s Activity: Hold up the securely sealed bottle of kerosene. “Look at this. This is kerosene. It looks like water, but it has a strong smell. What do adults use kerosene for?” Show a picture of a cooking stove. “Adults use it for cooking food on a stove. But children must NEVER touch kerosene because it is DANGEROUS!”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the kerosene bottle and the picture. They listen to the teacher’s explanation and repeat “Kerosene is dangerous” after the teacher.

Learning Point: Pupils identify kerosene and its use for cooking, understanding it’s dangerous for them.

Step 3: Presentation – Petrol

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Explanation

Teacher’s Activity: Hold up the securely sealed bottle of petrol. “Now look at this. This is petrol. It also looks like water and has a very strong smell, even stronger than kerosene! What do adults use petrol for?” Show pictures of a generator and a car. “Adults use petrol to make generators work and to make cars move. Children must NEVER touch petrol because it is DANGEROUS!”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the petrol bottle and pictures. They listen and repeat “Petrol is dangerous” after the teacher.

Learning Point: Pupils identify petrol and its use for power, understanding it’s dangerous for them.

Step 4: Presentation – Detergent and Soap

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Comparison/Practicality

Teacher’s Activity: Hold up detergent and soap. “Now look at these. This is detergent and this is soap. Are they dangerous like kerosene and petrol?” (Guide them to say no, with caution). “What do we use detergent for?” Show a picture of washing clothes. “Yes, for washing clothes! And soap?” Show a picture of bathing. “Yes, for bathing and washing our hands! We use them with water to get clean.”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the detergent and soap. They respond to questions about their uses and identify them for washing and bathing.

Learning Point: Pupils identify detergent and soap and their uses, understanding they are safer for children with water.

Step 5: Rhyme/Song Reinforcement

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Musical Reinforcement

Teacher’s Activity: “Now let’s sing a song about these chemicals and how to be safe!” Lead pupils in singing the “Household Chemicals Safety Song” with actions. Repeat it twice or thrice.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils sing the song along with the teacher, performing the actions to reinforce the safety message.

Learning Point: Pupils reinforce their understanding of household chemicals and safety through song and movement.

Step 6: Guided Application

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Identification/Recall

Teacher’s Activity: Display all the real objects and pictures. “Point to the kerosene. What do adults use it for? Is it safe for you?” “Point to the petrol. What does it make move? Is it safe for you?” “Point to the soap. What do we use it for?”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils point to the correct items and orally state one use for each, confirming whether it is safe for them or not.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate recognition and recall of uses and safety rules for each chemical.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher checks pupils’ understanding through short questions and practical tasks.

1. Show the sealed kerosene bottle: “What is this?”
2. Show the sealed petrol bottle: “What do adults use this for?”
3. Show the soap: “What do we use this to do?”
4. Ask: “Who should touch kerosene and petrol?” (Guide them to say “Adults only”).

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond orally and demonstrate the required skill where appropriate.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes

Teaching Skill: Summary/Closure

Teacher’s Activity: Summarize the lesson, reiterating the importance of knowing household chemicals and being safe, especially with kerosene and petrol. “Remember, kerosene and petrol are for adults only! Always tell an adult if you see them.” End with a familiar closing song.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and sing the closing song.

Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and understand the main safety message.

Lesson Keywords

• Kerosene – a liquid adults use for cooking.
• Petrol – a liquid adults use for generators and cars.
• Detergent – powder or liquid used for washing clothes.
• Soap – used for bathing and washing hands.
• Dangerous – not safe, can hurt you.

Differentiation

Support: Provide larger, clearer pictures for pupils who struggle with identification. Use more repetition of names and uses. Guide pupils’ hands to point to the correct items. Seat these pupils closer to the teacher for easier access to materials and direct instruction.

Extension: Encourage pupils who grasp the concepts quickly to name additional items that use petrol (e.g., motorcycle, scooter if relevant to their context). Ask them to explain in their own simple words why kerosene and petrol are dangerous.