Types of Toilets, Traditional and Modern Toilets for Pre-School Level 4

Class: Pre-School Level 4
Term: Second Term
Week: 6
Age: 5 years
Duration: 30 minutes
Subject: Health Habits
Curriculum Theme: Health Habits
Previous Lesson: Not separately stated in the scheme.
Topic: Types of Toilets: Traditional and Modern Toilets
Subject Matter: TOILET – Types of Toilet: Traditional toilet: pit, latrine, dung-site, etc. Modern toilet: water system.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• Identify different kinds of toilet facilities from pictures.
• Name at least one traditional toilet and one modern toilet.
• Describe simple features of traditional and modern toilets.

Affective Domain

• Appreciate the importance of using clean toilet facilities.
• Participate actively in class discussions about toilet types.

Psychomotor Domain

• Point to pictures of traditional and modern toilets when asked.
• Demonstrate the action of flushing a toilet or washing hands.

Social Domain

• Share ideas respectfully during group discussions.

Reference Materials

• NAPPS National Unified Teaching Scheme for Pre-School Level 4
• Early Childhood Care and Education resources
• Relevant early-years hygiene workbooks

Instructional Materials

• Charts showing different types of toilets (pit latrine, squat toilet, water closet/flush toilet, potty)
• Posters illustrating good toilet hygiene
• Pictures of traditional toilets (e.g., pit latrine, simple latrine)
• Pictures of modern toilets (e.g., flush toilet, potty)
• A small toy potty or a clean, empty potty (if available)

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding different types of toilets helps children recognise and use appropriate facilities, promoting good hygiene habits from an early age. This knowledge is crucial for their health and safety, preventing the spread of germs and encouraging responsible behaviour in various environments.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are familiar with basic hygiene practices like washing hands and know that people use a special place to pass out waste from their bodies.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Types of Toilets: Traditional and Modern Toilets

A toilet is a special place or facility we use to pass out urine (wee-wee) and faeces (poo-poo) from our bodies. It helps us stay clean and healthy.

Traditional Toilets

Traditional toilets are older types of toilets, often found in villages or older homes. They usually do not use water to flush away waste.

• Pit Latrine: This is a hole dug in the ground with a small shed or structure built over it. People squat over the hole to pass waste. It does not use water.
• Squat Toilet (Simple Latrine): Similar to a pit latrine, but sometimes has a concrete slab with a hole to squat over. It also does not use water to flush.
• Dung-site/Open Defecation: This means passing waste in open fields, bushes, or by the roadside. This is very bad for our health and the environment because it spreads germs and makes people sick. We should never do this!

Modern Toilets

Modern toilets are newer types of toilets, often found in modern homes, schools, and public places. They usually use water to flush away waste.

• Water Closet (Flush Toilet): This is a toilet bowl with a seat. After using it, you press a button or pull a handle, and water flushes the waste away into pipes.
• Potty: A small, portable toilet seat or bowl used by young children, especially when they are learning to use the toilet. After use, an adult empties it and cleans it.

Why is it important to use toilets and keep them clean?

• To prevent the spread of germs and sickness.
• To keep our environment clean and smelling nice.
• To show good hygiene habits.

Key Words

• Toilet – A place where we pass out body waste.
• Traditional – Old or common for a long time.
• Modern – New or current.
• Pit Latrine – A toilet with a hole in the ground.
• Flush Toilet – A toilet that uses water to wash away waste.
• Potty – A small toilet for young children.

What the Teacher Should Show or Draw

The teacher should display charts and pictures of various toilets: a pit latrine, a simple squat toilet, a flush toilet, and a potty. Point out the key features of each.

Clean Toilet Song

Tune: “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star”

Lyrics:
Toilet clean, toilet bright,
Helps us stay healthy, day and night.
Flush the water, wash your hand,
Best clean habits in the land.
Toilet clean, toilet bright,
Keep it tidy, day and night.

Actions:
(Toilet clean, toilet bright) – Point to a picture of a clean toilet.
(Helps us stay healthy, day and night) – Hug yourself, then sweep hands left and right.
(Flush the water, wash your hand) – Make a flushing motion, then rub hands together.
(Best clean habits in the land) – Give a thumbs up.
(Toilet clean, toilet bright) – Point to a picture of a clean toilet.
(Keep it tidy, day and night) – Make a tidying motion, then sweep hands left and right.

How to use the rhyme: Sing the song together with actions after discussing the importance of clean toilets. Repeat several times for reinforcement.

Watch and Learn About Toilets

The teacher will show a short video about different types of toilets and good hygiene practices.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3_s8sH7c8g

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Play-based Learning, Demonstration, Guided Practice, Picture Talk, Question and Answer, Discussion, Songs and Rhymes, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Greeting/Recalling

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them what they remember about staying clean. The teacher then asks, “Where do we go when we want to pass out urine or faeces?”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the greeting and share their ideas about cleanliness. They try to answer the question about where they pass waste.

Learning Point: Pupils recall previous knowledge and are introduced to the lesson topic.

Step 2: Understanding Toilets

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Visual Aid

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains that the special place we use is called a “toilet.” The teacher uses a chart to show different toilets and explains their general purpose. “A toilet is where we go to wee-wee and poo-poo.”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and look at the charts, repeating the word “toilet.”

Learning Point: Pupils understand the meaning and purpose of a toilet.

Step 3: Exploring Traditional Toilets

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Identification/Description

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays pictures of traditional toilets like pit latrines and simple squat toilets. The teacher describes them simply, e.g., “This is a pit latrine. It is a hole in the ground. It does not use water.” The teacher also explains why open defecation (dung-site) is bad.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the pictures, identify the traditional toilets, and listen to the descriptions. They repeat the names.

Learning Point: Pupils can identify and describe traditional toilets and understand why open defecation is harmful.

Step 4: Discovering Modern Toilets

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Identification/Demonstration

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays pictures of modern toilets like flush toilets and potties. The teacher explains how they work, e.g., “This is a flush toilet. You press a button and water washes the waste away.” The teacher can demonstrate with a toy potty if available.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the pictures, identify modern toilets, and listen to the descriptions. They may mimic flushing or using a potty.

Learning Point: Pupils can identify and describe modern toilets and understand their basic function.

Step 5: Comparison and Discussion

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Reinforcement

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks pupils to point to a traditional toilet and a modern toilet. The teacher leads a short discussion on why it’s important to use toilets and keep them clean. The teacher then leads the “Clean Toilet Song.”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils point to the correct pictures. They share their ideas about toilet hygiene and sing the song with actions.

Learning Point: Pupils compare toilet types and reinforce the importance of hygiene.

Step 6: Video Reinforcement

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Audio-visual Learning

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces a short educational video about different types of toilets and good toilet habits. The teacher pauses to ask questions or highlight key points.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils watch the video, listen, and respond to simple questions asked by the teacher.

Learning Point: Pupils visually reinforce their understanding of toilet types and hygiene.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher checks pupils’ understanding through short questions and practical tasks.

1. “Point to a traditional toilet.” (Teacher points to a mix of pictures)
2. “Point to a modern toilet.”
3. “What do we do after using the toilet?” (Expecting “flush” and “wash hands”)
4. “Is it good to pass waste in the bush?” (Expecting “No”)

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond orally and demonstrate the required skill where appropriate (e.g., pointing, mimicking actions).

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes

Teaching Skill: Summarizing/Encouragement

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher praises the pupils for their participation and reminds them to always use the toilet properly and wash their hands afterwards. “Remember, clean toilets keep us healthy!”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and repeat the hygiene message.

Learning Point: Pupils internalize the importance of good toilet habits.

Lesson Keywords

• Toilet – A facility for passing body waste.
• Traditional – Old-fashioned or common for a long time.
• Modern – New or up-to-date.
• Pit Latrine – A type of toilet with a hole in the ground.
• Flush Toilet – A toilet that uses water to clean away waste.
• Potty – A small toilet for young children.

Differentiation

• Support: For pupils who are struggling, the teacher will use larger, clearer pictures and provide more one-on-one guidance. They will focus on identifying just one traditional and one modern toilet. Repetition of key words and actions will be emphasized.
• Extension: For pupils who grasp the concept quickly, the teacher can ask them to describe more features of each toilet type or discuss why one might be better than the other in certain situations (e.g., “Why is a flush toilet easier to keep clean than a pit latrine?”).

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Before the lesson, ensure all charts, posters, and pictures are ready and clearly visible. Prepare the video link and ensure the projector/screen is working. The main idea for pupils to grasp is that there are different types of toilets, and all of them must be used properly and kept clean for good health. Emphasize the dangers of open defecation. Encourage active participation by allowing pupils to point, describe, and mimic actions. Repeat the song/rhyme several times throughout the lesson to reinforce the message. Observe pupils’ ability to identify and describe the toilets, and their willingness to discuss hygiene, as key indicators of understanding.