Parts of the Human Body and Their Functions for Pre-School Level 2

Class: Pre-School Level 2
Term: First Term
Week: 2
Age: 3 years
Duration: 30 minutes
Subject: Health Habits
Curriculum Theme: Health Habits
Previous Lesson: Simple greetings and identifying self.
Topic: Parts of the Human Body and Their Functions
Subject Matter: Identifying parts of the Human Body: the Head, Neck, Chest, Elbow, Eyes, Nose, Mouth, Ears, Arms, Hands, Fingers, Legs, Feet, Toes.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• Identify and name at least five parts of the human body.
• State a simple function for some body parts (e.g., “eyes to see”).

Affective Domain

• Show interest in learning about their body.
• Participate actively in songs and activities related to body parts.

Psychomotor Domain

• Point to different body parts on themselves or a picture when named.
• Perform simple actions related to body parts (e.g., touching their head, clapping their hands).

Social Domain

• Take turns identifying body parts during group activities.

Reference Materials

• NAPPS National Unified Teaching Scheme for Pre-School Level 2
• Early Childhood Care and Education resources
• Suitable early-years health habits workbook

Instructional Materials

• Large picture charts showing parts of the human body
• Flashcards with pictures of individual body parts
• A mirror
• Learning stamps (body parts themed)
• Storybook or picture book featuring children and their body parts
• Video (e.g., “The Body Parts Song”)

Rationale for the Lesson

Learning about the parts of the human body is fundamental for young children as it helps them develop self-awareness and understand how their body works. This knowledge is crucial for their personal hygiene, safety, and ability to communicate about themselves, laying a foundation for healthier habits and self-care as they grow.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils can identify themselves by name and are familiar with simple actions like standing, sitting, and clapping.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Parts of the Human Body and Their Functions

Our body has many different parts. Each part helps us do different things.

• Head: On top of our body. It has our hair, eyes, nose, mouth, and ears. We use our head to think.
• Eyes: We use our eyes to see.
• Nose: We use our nose to smell.
• Mouth: We use our mouth to eat and talk.
• Ears: We use our ears to hear.
• Neck: Connects our head to our body. It helps our head turn.
• Chest: The front part of our upper body. It protects our heart and lungs.
• Arms: We have two arms. We use our arms to reach and carry things.
• Elbow: The middle part of our arm that bends.
• Hands: We have two hands. We use our hands to clap, hold things, and wave.
• Fingers: We have ten fingers on our hands. We use them to point and pick up small things.
• Legs: We have two legs. We use our legs to walk, run, and jump.
• Knees: The middle part of our leg that bends.
• Feet: We have two feet. We use our feet to stand and kick.
• Toes: We have ten toes on our feet. They help us balance.

Key Words

• Head – the top part of our body.
• Hands – we use them to hold and clap.
• Legs – we use them to walk and run.

My Body Parts Song

Tune: “Head, Shoulders, Knees, and Toes”

Head, shoulders, elbows, knees, knees
Head, shoulders, elbows, knees, knees
Eyes, ears, mouth, and nose
Head, shoulders, elbows, knees, knees!

Actions: Touch each body part as it is sung.

Watch and Learn About Our Body

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

• Play-based Learning
• Demonstration
• Guided Practice
• Songs and Rhymes
• Picture Talk
• Question and Answer
• Imitation
• Manipulation of Objects (pointing to self/charts)
• Repetition

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Engaging/Motivation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils with a cheerful “Good morning, wonderful children!” and asks them to stand up. The teacher then leads a short “Simon Says” game, asking pupils to touch their head, clap their hands, and stomp their feet. This helps to activate their bodies and attention.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the greeting and participate in the “Simon Says” game, touching the named body parts.

Learning Point: Pupils are engaged and ready to learn, with a brief warm-up of body parts.

Step 2: Presentation of Body Parts (Visuals)

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Identification/Naming

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays a large chart of the human body. The teacher points to the head and says, “This is our head. Everyone touch your head!” The teacher continues with other key parts like eyes, nose, mouth, ears, neck, chest, arms, hands, fingers, legs, knees, feet, and toes, naming each one clearly.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils look at the chart, listen to the teacher, and touch the corresponding body part on themselves.

Learning Point: Pupils begin to recognise and associate names with different body parts.

Step 3: Explaining Simple Functions

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Association

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher revisits some body parts and explains their simple functions. “We use our eyes to see,” (teacher points to eyes and looks around). “We use our hands to clap,” (teacher claps hands). “We use our legs to walk,” (teacher takes a step). The teacher encourages pupils to demonstrate the action.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the functions and perform the simple actions demonstrated by the teacher.

Learning Point: Pupils understand that each body part has a specific job.

Step 4: Song and Movement Reinforcement

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Musicality/Kinesthetic Learning

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces the “My Body Parts Song” (Head, shoulders, elbows, knees, knees…). The teacher sings the song slowly first, demonstrating the actions. Then, the teacher sings it again, encouraging pupils to sing along and perform the actions.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, sing along, and perform the actions of touching their body parts as the song is sung.

Learning Point: Pupils reinforce body part recognition and naming through a fun, interactive song.

Step 5: Video and Discussion

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Media Integration/Discussion

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher plays the “The Body Parts Song” video. After the video, the teacher asks, “What body parts did you see in the video?” and “Can you show me your nose?”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils watch the video, sing along if they can, and then respond to the teacher’s questions by naming and pointing to body parts.

Learning Point: Pupils gain further exposure to body parts through a different medium and practise recall.

Step 6: “Touch Your…” Game

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Application/Guided Practice

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher plays a simple “Touch Your…” game. The teacher says, “Touch your head!” and pupils touch their head. “Touch your feet!” and pupils touch their feet. The teacher varies the speed and order of body parts.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils quickly identify and touch the body part named by the teacher.

Learning Point: Pupils apply their knowledge in a quick-response, interactive game.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 4–5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher checks pupils’ understanding through short questions and practical tasks.

1. “Point to your eyes.”
2. “What do we use our hands for?”
3. “Show me your elbow.”
4. “Name one part of your body.”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond orally and demonstrate the required skill where appropriate.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes

Teaching Skill: Summarizing/Praise

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher praises the pupils for their participation and effort. “You all did so well learning about your amazing bodies today! Remember to take good care of all your body parts.” The teacher leads a final round of the “My Body Parts Song.”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to praise and participate in the final song.

Learning Point: Pupils feel a sense of accomplishment and consolidate learning through repetition.

Lesson Keywords

• Body – the whole physical part of a person.
• Head – the top part of the body, where the face and brain are.
• Hands – the parts at the end of our arms, used for holding and touching.
• Legs – the parts of our body we use for standing, walking, and running.
• Eyes – the parts we use to see.

Differentiation

• Support: For pupils who struggle, use larger picture cards, provide hand-over-hand guidance to touch body parts, or focus on only 3-4 key body parts with more repetition. Use peer support where a stronger pupil can help a weaker one.
• Extension: For pupils who quickly grasp the concept, ask them to identify more specific parts (e.g., “Where are your eyebrows?”), or ask them to name a body part and its function without prompting. Encourage them to draw a simple picture of a person and label one or two body parts.