Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2 / SSS2)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 5
Age: 16 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Physical Education
Curriculum Theme: Athletics / Track and Field Events
Previous Lesson: High Jump and Pole Vault: Meaning, Styles, Skills and Rules.
Topic: Long Jump
Subject Matter: Meaning of long jump, nature of the event, equipment and facilities, basic skills in long jump, rules and regulations.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define long jump.
Explain the nature and aim of the long jump event.
Identify the equipment and facilities used in long jump.
State the basic skills involved in long jump.
List the rules and regulations governing long jump.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of safety measures in long jump.
Develop an interest in participating in long jump as an athletic event.

Psychomotor Domain:

Demonstrate the run-up and take-off phases of long jump.
Practice safe landing techniques in the sand pit.

Cooperate with peers during practical drills.
Observe fair play and adherence to rules during practice.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

Senior Secondary Schools Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Physical and Health Education for Senior Secondary Schools, Book 2

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Take-off board
Measuring tape
White and red flags
Writing materials
Landing pit (sand pit)
Rake

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the fundamental aspects of long jump, a popular track and field event. It enables them to learn the techniques, rules, and safety precautions necessary for participation and appreciation of the sport.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of other track and field events and a general understanding of sports.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Long Jump

Meaning of Long Jump

Long jump is an athletic field event where competitors attempt to jump as far as possible from a take-off board into a sand pit. The aim is to achieve the greatest horizontal distance.

Nature of the Event

Aim: To cover the maximum horizontal distance from the take-off board to the nearest break in the landing pit made by any part of the body.
Phases of the Jump: The long jump event consists of four main phases:
- Run-up: The athlete runs on a designated runway to gain momentum and speed.
- Take-off: The athlete springs off the take-off board with one foot, converting horizontal speed into vertical lift.
- Flight: The athlete maintains balance and position in the air, using various techniques (e.g., hang, hitch-kick).
- Landing: The athlete lands in the sand pit, typically with both feet together, aiming to fall forward to maximize distance.
Safety: Proper warm-up, correct technique, and a well-maintained landing pit are essential to prevent injuries.

Equipment and Facilities

The following are essential for long jump:

Runway: A straight, flat surface leading to the take-off board, usually 40-45 meters long.
Take-off Board: A rectangular wooden or synthetic board, usually 1.22 meters long and 20 cm wide, embedded flush with the runway surface.
Landing Pit (Sand Pit): A pit filled with soft, damp sand, typically 9 meters long and 2.75 meters wide, where the athlete lands.
Measuring Tape: Used to measure the distance of the jump.
Rake: Used to level the sand pit after each jump.
White and Red Flags: Used by officials to signal valid (white) or foul (red) jumps.
Spikes: Athletic shoes with spikes for better grip on the runway.

Basic Skills in Long Jump

The long jump requires the mastery of several skills:

Run-up:
- Consistent stride pattern.
- Gradual acceleration.
- Maintaining control and balance.
Take-off:
- Accurate foot placement on the take-off board.
- Powerful upward and forward thrust from the take-off leg.
- Coordinated arm and free leg action.
Flight:
- Maintaining body position (e.g., hang style, hitch-kick style).
- Keeping the body balanced in the air.
Landing:
- Extending legs forward.
- Landing with feet together.
- Falling forward to prevent backward displacement.

Rules and Regulations

The following are key rules in long jump:

Fouls:
- Stepping over or beyond the front edge of the take-off board before taking off.
- Taking off outside the designated take-off area.
- Touching the ground outside the landing pit closer to the take-off board than the mark made in the pit.
- Walking back through the sand pit after landing.
- Not completing the jump within a specified time limit (usually 1 minute).
Measurement:
- The jump is measured from the nearest break in the sand made by any part of the body to the edge of the take-off board closest to the landing pit.
- Measurements are taken perpendicular to the take-off line.
Attempts: Each competitor is usually allowed a certain number of attempts (e.g., three or six), with the best valid jump counting towards the final result.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to name some track and field events they know.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond by naming events like racing, throwing, and jumping.
Learning Point: Pupils recall prior knowledge of athletics.

Step 2: Explanation of Meaning and Nature of Long Jump

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Lecture
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines long jump, explains its aim, and describes the four phases of the jump (run-up, take-off, flight, landing), emphasizing safety.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, ask questions for clarification, and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the definition and basic structure of long jump.

Step 3: Identification of Equipment and Facilities

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Identification/Listing
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher lists and briefly describes the equipment and facilities required for long jump, such as the take-off board, landing pit, measuring tape, and flags.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify the equipment and facilities and note their uses.
Learning Point: Pupils know the necessary resources for conducting a long jump event.

Step 4: Discussion of Basic Skills

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher discusses the basic skills involved in each phase of the long jump (run-up, take-off, flight, landing) using verbal descriptions and illustrations.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, discuss, and try to visualize the skills.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the techniques required for an effective long jump.

Step 5: Explanation of Rules and Regulations

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the common rules and regulations, including what constitutes a foul, how measurements are taken, and the number of attempts allowed.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen carefully and ask questions about the rules.
Learning Point: Pupils learn how long jump is officially conducted and judged.

Step 6: Demonstration and Practice

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Practice
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates simple drills for the run-up and take-off, and explains safe landing techniques.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration and practice the drills under supervision.
Learning Point: Pupils gain practical insight into the long jump skills.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What is long jump?
Mention any three phases of the long jump event.
List two equipment used in long jump.
State two rules that can lead to a foul in long jump.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson and assigns homework, which could be to draw and label the long jump facilities.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and prepare for further study.

Lesson Keywords

Long Jump – An athletic event where competitors jump for horizontal distance into a sand pit.
Run-up – The initial sprint phase of the long jump to build momentum.
Take-off – The action of springing from the take-off board into the air.
Flight – The period when the athlete is airborne.
Landing Pit – The sand-filled area where the athlete lands.
Foul – An infringement of the rules, resulting in a disallowed jump.

Differentiation

The teacher will provide additional visual aids or simplified explanations for pupils who are struggling to grasp the concepts. More advanced pupils will be encouraged to research different flight techniques (e.g., hitch-kick vs. hang style).

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure a safe environment, especially during practical demonstrations. Emphasize the importance of proper warm-up and cool-down exercises. Encourage pupil participation and provide constructive feedback during skill practice.