Letter Writing: Formation of letters G-L in upper and lower case for Primary 1

Class: Primary 1
Term: First Term
Week: 2
Age: 6 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: English Studies
Curriculum Theme: Writing
Focal competence: Writing legibly
Key competencies/values: Communication; ICT and Digital Competencies; Collaboration; Respect
Skills:

• Writing legibly

Previous Lesson: Articles A and An: Use Of Articles “A” And “An”
Topic: Writing Of Letters (A-Z)
Subject Matter: Formation of letters G-L in upper, lower case

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• Identify the correct starting points and strokes for forming letters G-L in both upper and lower case.
• Recall the sequence of strokes for each target letter.

Affective Domain

• Show enthusiasm for writing neatly and legibly.
• Appreciate the importance of correct letter formation for clear communication.

Psychomotor Domain

• Form the target letters G-L legibly in both upper and lower case.
• Write the letters with appropriate spacing between them.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 2025 Revised 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
• Relevant State Unified Scheme of Work
• A suitable English Studies textbook for Primary 1
• The HeadTeacher Scheme of work

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Word building materials (e.g., magnetic letters, letter tiles)
• Letter, word and picture cards showing letters G-L
• Whiteboard and markers
• Exercise books and pencils
• Large printouts of letters G-L for demonstration

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson is important because it lays the foundation for legible handwriting, which is a fundamental skill for effective written communication. Correct letter formation in Primary 1 helps pupils develop neat writing habits and prevents difficulties in later stages of learning.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should be able to recognise and form some basic letters of the alphabet (A-F) in both upper and lower case.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Writing Of Letters (A-Z)

Formation of Letters G-L (Upper and Lower Case)

Learning to write letters correctly helps us to write neatly so others can read what we write. We will learn how to form letters G, H, I, J, K, and L.

1. Letter G

1. Upper Case G: Start at the top, curve around to the left like a ‘C’, go up a little past the middle line, then draw a small horizontal line to the right.
2. Lower Case g: Start in the middle, draw a small ‘c’ shape, then go up to meet the starting point, pull a straight line down below the base line, and curve it to the left to form a tail.

2. Letter H

1. Upper Case H: Draw a straight line down from the top. Draw another straight line down from the top, parallel to the first. Then, draw a horizontal line across the middle to connect the two vertical lines.
2. Lower Case h: Draw a straight line down from the top. Go back up to the middle of that line, draw a curve to the right, and then a straight line down to the bottom.

3. Letter I

1. Upper Case I: Draw a straight line down from the top. Then draw a short horizontal line at the top and another short horizontal line at the bottom.
2. Lower Case i: Draw a short straight line down from the middle. Place a small dot directly above the line.

4. Letter J

1. Upper Case J: Draw a straight line down from the top, then curve it to the left at the bottom. Draw a short horizontal line at the top.
2. Lower Case j: Draw a straight line down from the middle, below the base line, and curve it to the left. Place a small dot directly above the line.

5. Letter K

1. Upper Case K: Draw a straight line down from the top. Go back to the middle of that line, draw a slanted line up and to the right. From the middle again, draw another slanted line down and to the right.
2. Lower Case k: Draw a straight line down from the top. Go to the middle, draw a small slanted line that touches the vertical line and slants to the right, then another small slanted line from that point down and to the right.

6. Letter L

1. Upper Case L: Draw a straight line down from the top. Then draw a horizontal line to the right at the bottom.
2. Lower Case l: Draw a straight line down from the top to the bottom.

Tips for Legible Handwriting

1. Hold your pencil correctly.
2. Start each letter at the right spot (usually from the top).
3. Form each letter carefully, following the correct strokes.
4. Write on the lines in your exercise book.

Spacing Between Letters and Words

1. Letter Spacing: Letters within a word should be close enough to look like one word, but not touching.
2. Word Spacing: Leave a small space, about the width of one finger, between each word so they don’t all run together.
3. Punctuation: Place a full stop (.) at the end of a sentence clearly.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Demonstration, Guided Practice, Question and Answer, Individual Practice

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Recalling/Motivation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and reviews the letters A-F. The teacher then introduces today’s lesson, stating that they will learn to form letters G-L correctly.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to greetings and recall letters A-F. They listen attentively.

Learning Point: Review of previous letters

Step 2: Formation of Letter G

Time: 7 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Modelling

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates the formation of upper case ‘G’ and lower case ‘g’ on the whiteboard, explaining each stroke clearly. The teacher uses letter cards and magnetic letters to show the letters.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe carefully, trace the letters in the air, and then practise writing ‘G’ and ‘g’ in their exercise books under supervision.

Learning Point: Correct ‘Gg’ formation

Step 3: Formation of Letter H

Time: 7 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Guided Practice

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates the formation of upper case ‘H’ and lower case ‘h’ on the whiteboard, guiding pupils through the strokes. The teacher reminds them about starting points.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe, trace in the air, and then practise writing ‘H’ and ‘h’ in their exercise books, focusing on neatness.

Learning Point: Correct ‘Hh’ formation

Step 4: Formation of Letters I and J

Time: 7 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Explanation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates the formation of upper and lower case ‘I’ and ‘J’, highlighting the dot for lower case ‘i’ and ‘j’. The teacher ensures pupils understand the difference in strokes.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils watch the demonstration, trace, and then practise writing ‘Ii’ and ‘Jj’ in their books, paying attention to the dots.

Learning Point: Correct ‘Ii’ and ‘Jj’ formation

Step 5: Formation of Letters K and L

Time: 7 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Reinforcement

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates the formation of upper and lower case ‘K’ and ‘L’, emphasising the slanted lines for ‘K’ and the straight lines for ‘L’. The teacher also reminds them about maintaining legible handwriting.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe, trace, and then practise writing ‘Kk’ and ‘Ll’ in their exercise books, applying the tips for neat writing.

Learning Point: Correct ‘Kk’ and ‘Ll’ formation

Step 6: Guided Practice and Spacing

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Practice/Observation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes a simple word using some of the learned letters (e.g., “leg”) and demonstrates proper spacing between letters and words. The teacher then guides pupils to write the letters G-L again, focusing on neatness and correct spacing.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils practise writing the letters G-L and a simple word, paying attention to spacing. They show their work to the teacher.

Learning Point: Legible writing and spacing

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. Show me how to write upper case ‘G’.
2. Show me how to write lower case ‘h’.
3. What is important to remember when writing lower case ‘i’ and ‘j’?
4. Write the letters ‘K’ and ‘L’ neatly.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Letter formation assessment

Step 8: Note-Taking

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Writing

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils to copy the essential Board Summary notes on letter formation and handwriting tips into their notebooks.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy the notes carefully into their notebooks.

Learning Point: Recording lesson notes

Step 9: Conclusion

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Summarisation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarises the lesson by reminding pupils that practising letter formation makes their handwriting neat and easy to read. The teacher encourages them to always write carefully.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and affirm their understanding of the importance of neat writing.

Learning Point: Importance of neat handwriting

Continuous Assessment/Further Study

Type: Homework / Practice Exercise

Instruction: Practise writing the letters you learned today in your notebook. Remember to write neatly and leave good spaces.

1. Write upper case ‘G’ five times.
2. Write lower case ‘g’ five times.
3. Write upper case ‘H’ and lower case ‘h’ five times each.
4. Write upper case ‘I’ and lower case ‘i’ five times each.
5. Write upper case ‘J’, lower case ‘j’, upper case ‘K’, lower case ‘k’, upper case ‘L’, and lower case ‘l’ five times each.

Lesson Keywords

• Formation – The way a letter is made or shaped.
• Upper case – Capital letters (e.g., G, H).
• Lower case – Small letters (e.g., g, h).
• Legible – Easy to read.
• Spacing – The empty room between letters and words.

Differentiation

Support for weaker learners: Provide extra practice sheets with dotted lines for tracing letters G-L. Offer one-on-one guidance during writing practice, focusing on correct pencil grip and stroke direction. Use larger letter models for easier tracing.

Extension for faster learners: Encourage them to write simple words using the letters G-L (e.g., “leg”, “hill”, “jug”). They can also try writing short sentences and focusing on consistent letter size and spacing.

Suggested Lesson Videos

Search YouTube for: “Primary 1 letter formation G-L”, “how to write letters G to L for kids”

Teacher Guide for Using This Lesson Plan

Before the lesson, prepare large letter cards for G-L, magnetic letters, and ensure the whiteboard is clean. During the lesson, demonstrate each letter’s formation slowly and clearly, emphasising the correct starting point and direction of strokes. Encourage pupils to trace in the air before writing in their books. Circulate around the classroom during practice sessions to observe and correct common errors such as incorrect stroke order or poor spacing. Provide immediate feedback and positive reinforcement for effort. Pupils should copy the Board Summary notes after the main teaching activities, ensuring they record the correct letter formations and handwriting tips. For weaker learners, allow more time for tracing and provide individual assistance. For faster learners, challenge them to write words or short phrases using the learned letters.