Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1, SS 1, SSS1, SSS 1)
Term: Second Term
Week: 5
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Health Education
Curriculum Theme: Health Education
Previous Lesson: Factors Influencing Feeding Habits/Choice of Food.
Topic: FIRST AID
Subject Matter: Definition of first aid, relevant first aid terms such as casualty, situations where first aid kits are used, importance of first aid treatment, basic first aid application steps.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define first aid.
Identify relevant first aid terms such as casualty.
State situations where first aid kits are used.
List the importance of first aid treatment.
Outline the basic steps for applying first aid.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of timely first aid in emergencies.
Show willingness to assist a casualty using basic first aid knowledge.

Psychomotor Domain:

Demonstrate basic first aid application steps for minor injuries.
Correctly identify and utilize items in a first aid kit.

Promote safety awareness among peers and in the community.
Encourage a supportive attitude towards individuals requiring immediate help.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Health Education.
State Unified Scheme of Work for Senior Secondary School Health Education.
Essence of Health Education for Senior Secondary Schools by A.B. Olaleye.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Posters or pictures showing various first aid situations.
A complete first aid kit.
Bandages, antiseptic wipes, sterile gauze, plaster.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how to provide immediate care to someone who is injured or suddenly ill before professional medical help arrives. It equips them with practical skills that can save lives and prevent conditions from worsening, promoting safety in their daily lives and communities.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have a basic understanding of health and safety measures and may have encountered minor injuries or illnesses requiring immediate attention.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

FIRST AID

Definition of First Aid

First aid is the immediate assistance given to an injured or suddenly ill person using available resources until professional medical help arrives or the person recovers.

Relevant First Aid Terms

The following are relevant first aid terms:

Casualty: An individual who has been injured or taken ill.
Emergency: A serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation requiring immediate action.
Treatment: The application of medical care to a patient.
Rescuer: The person who provides first aid.

Situations Where First Aid Kits Are Used

First aid kits are used in situations involving:

Minor cuts and abrasions.
Minor burns.
Sprains and strains.
Insect bites and stings.
Small splinters.
Nosebleeds.
Headaches or minor pains.

Importance of First Aid Treatment

The importance of first aid treatment includes:

To preserve life.
To prevent the condition from worsening.
To promote recovery.
To provide comfort and reassurance to the casualty.
To alleviate pain.

Basic First Aid Application Steps

The basic steps for applying first aid are:

Assess the situation and ensure safety (DRSABC – Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, Circulation).
Call for professional medical help if necessary.
Provide immediate care based on the injury or illness (e.g., control bleeding, cool burns, immobilize fractures).
Monitor the casualty’s condition.
Stay with the casualty until medical help arrives or they recover.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them if they have ever witnessed an accident or someone suddenly falling ill. The teacher then asks what immediate help was given before professional medical help arrived. This leads to the introduction of the topic: First Aid.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the questions and share their experiences.
Learning Point: Pupils recall prior knowledge and are introduced to the lesson topic.

Step 2: Definition of First Aid and Relevant Terms

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines first aid and explains relevant terms like ‘casualty’, ’emergency’, ‘treatment’, and ‘rescuer’ using simple language and examples. The teacher writes these definitions on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, ask questions for clarification, and copy the definitions from the board.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the meaning of first aid and related terminology.

Step 3: Situations Where First Aid Kits Are Used

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Listing/Identification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays posters or pictures showing various minor injuries or illnesses. The teacher then guides pupils to identify situations where a first aid kit would be appropriate. The teacher lists these situations on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the pictures, identify situations, and contribute to the list.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify common scenarios requiring first aid.

Step 4: Importance of First Aid Treatment

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the importance of first aid treatment, emphasizing how it helps preserve life, prevents conditions from worsening, and promotes recovery. The teacher encourages pupils to share their thoughts on why first aid is important.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, discuss, and state reasons for the importance of first aid.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the value and benefits of providing first aid.

Step 5: Basic First Aid Application Steps

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Instruction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher outlines and demonstrates the basic steps for applying first aid using the available first aid kit and materials (e.g., cleaning a minor cut, applying a bandage). The teacher emphasizes safety and calling for help.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration carefully and ask questions about the steps.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the practical steps involved in administering first aid.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define first aid.
Mention two relevant first aid terms.
List three situations where a first aid kit is used.
State two importance of first aid treatment.
Outline two basic steps in applying first aid.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization/Assignment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the definition, importance, and basic steps of first aid. The teacher gives homework to pupils to list items found in a standard first aid kit.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and prepare for further exploration.

Lesson Keywords

First Aid – Immediate assistance given to an injured or ill person.
Casualty – An injured or ill person.
Emergency – A serious situation requiring immediate action.
Treatment – Medical care for an injury or illness.
Rescuer – A person who provides first aid.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can ask them to explain specific first aid procedures in more detail or research advanced first aid techniques. For pupils needing more support, the teacher can provide simplified diagrams of first aid steps and offer one-on-one guidance during practical demonstrations.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should ensure the first aid kit used for demonstration is complete and safe for handling. Emphasize that practical first aid skills require practice and that calling for professional medical help is always the priority in serious situations. Encourage pupils to be observant and calm in emergencies.