Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1, SS 1, SSS1, SSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 8
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Health Education
Curriculum Theme: Health Education
Previous Lesson: Physical Health.
Topic: COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES
Subject Matter: Definition of community health, community health services, providers of orthodox services, providers of traditional services, community efforts in health promotion.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define community health.
List various community health services.
Identify providers of orthodox health services.
Mention providers of traditional health services.
Explain community efforts in health promotion.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of community health services.
Value the role of community efforts in promoting health.

Psychomotor Domain:

Discuss different community health services.
Illustrate examples of community health promotion activities.

Collaborate with peers to identify local health services.
Participate in discussions about improving community health.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum (Health Education)
State Unified Scheme of Work (Health Education SSS 1)
Comprehensive Health Education for Senior Secondary Schools 1
Charts and posters showing community health services and health promotion efforts

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts displaying various community health services.
Posters illustrating health promotion efforts in communities.
Whiteboard and markers/Chalkboard and chalk.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how health services are provided within their communities and the various ways people contribute to public health. It enables them to identify available health resources and appreciate collective efforts in maintaining a healthy environment.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have a basic understanding of health and community from previous classes.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES

Definition of Community Health

Community health refers to the health status of a group of people living in a particular geographical area, including their physical, mental, and social well-being. It also involves the efforts made by the community to maintain and improve the health of its members.

Community Health Services

Community health services are facilities and programs provided within a community to prevent diseases, promote health, and treat illnesses. They are accessible to all members of the community.

Examples of community health services include:

Immunization programs
Maternal and child health services
Health education and awareness campaigns
Sanitation and waste management services
Disease surveillance and control
School health services

Providers of Orthodox Health Services

Orthodox health services are provided by trained and certified medical professionals using modern scientific methods.

The following are providers of orthodox health services:

Primary Health Care (PHC) centres (e.g., dispensaries, health posts, comprehensive health centres)
General Hospitals
Specialist Hospitals
Private clinics and hospitals
Medical doctors, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory scientists

Providers of Traditional Health Services

Traditional health services are provided by practitioners who use indigenous knowledge, beliefs, and practices for healing and health promotion, often passed down through generations.

The following are providers of traditional health services:

Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs)
Traditional Bone Setters (TBS)
Herbalists
Spiritual healers

Community Efforts in Health Promotion

Community efforts in health promotion are collective actions taken by community members, organizations, and local authorities to improve the health and well-being of the entire community.

Examples of community efforts in health promotion include:

Organizing health awareness campaigns (e.g., on malaria prevention, HIV/AIDS, hygiene)
Participating in communal sanitation exercises (e.g., environmental clean-up)
Forming community health committees
Supporting immunization drives
Promoting healthy lifestyles through local initiatives
Ensuring safe water supply and waste disposal

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to mention some places they go when they or their family members are sick. The teacher then links their responses to the topic of community health services.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond by mentioning hospitals, clinics, or traditional healers. They listen attentively as the teacher introduces the topic.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the lesson topic and connect it to their prior experiences.

Step 2: Definition of Community Health

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of community health, emphasizing that it involves the well-being of a group of people and their collective efforts to maintain health. The teacher writes the definition on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the definition of community health.

Step 3: Community Health Services

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Listing/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what community health services are and lists various examples, using charts and posters to illustrate. The teacher writes key services on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the charts, listen, and identify different services in their locality. They copy notes from the board.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify and list different community health services.

Step 4: Providers of Orthodox Health Services

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Identification/Classification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines orthodox health services and explains who provides them, giving examples like PHC centres, hospitals, doctors, and nurses. The teacher highlights these points on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, contribute examples of orthodox providers they know, and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify providers of orthodox health services.

Step 5: Providers of Traditional Health Services

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Identification/Comparison
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines traditional health services and identifies their providers such as traditional birth attendants, bone setters, and herbalists. The teacher writes these on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, discuss the roles of these providers in their communities, and write down the information.
Learning Point: Pupils can mention providers of traditional health services.

Step 6: Community Efforts in Health Promotion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what community efforts in health promotion entail and provides examples like awareness campaigns and environmental sanitation. The teacher encourages pupils to share examples from their own communities.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils share examples of health promotion activities they have witnessed or participated in and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand and can explain community efforts in health promotion.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define community health.
List three examples of community health services.
Mention two providers of orthodox health services.
Identify two providers of traditional health services.
Explain two ways a community can promote health.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of community health services and collective efforts in maintaining a healthy community. The teacher assigns homework: Ask your parents or guardians about any community health services they have used.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and note down the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their understanding of the lesson.

Lesson Keywords

Community Health – The health status of a group of people and their collective efforts to improve it.
Community Health Services – Programs and facilities provided in a community to prevent disease, promote health, and treat illness.
Orthodox Services – Health care provided by certified medical professionals using modern scientific methods.
Traditional Services – Health care based on indigenous knowledge, beliefs, and practices.
Primary Health Care (PHC) – Essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community.
Health Promotion – The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.
Bone Setters – Traditional practitioners who treat fractures and dislocations.
Birth Attendants – Individuals who assist mothers during childbirth, often without formal medical training.

Differentiation

The teacher will provide visual aids like charts and posters to support visual learners. Group discussions will be encouraged to allow kinesthetic and social learners to engage. The teacher will provide additional explanations for pupils who require more support and encourage advanced pupils to provide more examples and elaborate on concepts.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should encourage pupils to relate the lesson content to their immediate community experiences. It is important to foster an environment where pupils feel comfortable discussing different types of health providers, both orthodox and traditional, with respect.