Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 6
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: National Values Education
Curriculum Theme: Social Studies
Previous Lesson: Agents of Socialization, Social Media, Age Grade, Peer Group, Clubs and Societies
Topic: Agents and Processes of Socialization (Part 4)
Subject Matter: Direct Learning, Incidental Learning, Role Model

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify and explain the processes of socialization such as direct learning, incidental learning, and role modelling.
(b) Differentiate between direct and incidental learning.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate the influence of role models in shaping behaviour and social habits.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Demonstrate acts of good behaviour learned through observation and practice.
Social Domain:
(a) Work cooperatively in groups to discuss how people learn social behaviours in the family and community.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
Verywell Mind – “How Social Learning Theory Works” (https://www.verywellmind.com/social-learning-theory-2795074)
Simply Psychology – “Social Learning Theory” (https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html)
Relevant Textbook’s

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing examples of good behaviours and learning processes
Pictures of role models such as teachers, parents, and community leaders
Flash cards with examples of direct and incidental learning situations
Short video or skit showing imitation of role models
Whiteboard and markers

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand how individuals learn acceptable behaviour, values, and social habits through direct instruction, observation, and imitation in society.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have previously learned about agents of socialization such as the family, school, and peer group, and can recall how these agents influence behaviour.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Agents and Processes of Socialization

Direct Learning

Direct learning is a process where a person is deliberately taught certain behaviours, skills, or values by others. It happens through explanation, instruction, and correction. Parents, teachers, and elders use this method to guide children in learning what is right or wrong.

The following are examples of direct learning:

A teacher explaining classroom rules to students.
A parent teaching a child how to greet elders politely.
A coach instructing players on how to play a sport correctly.
A religious leader teaching moral lessons.

Incidental Learning

Incidental learning occurs when a person learns something by chance or without a formal teaching process. It happens through daily experiences, observation, or social interaction. People often learn by watching what others do and copying their actions unconsciously.

The following are examples of incidental learning:

A child learning to speak by listening to adults talk.
Learning how to dress neatly by observing older siblings.
Learning to share with others after seeing friends do so.
Picking up good manners through daily interactions.

Role Modelling

Role modelling is the process of learning by observing and imitating the behaviour of respected individuals or people we admire. Role models can be parents, teachers, leaders, or public figures. When people behave well, others are likely to copy them.

The following are examples of role models:

A student imitating a teacher’s good manners.
A child copying the honesty of a parent.
A youth following the discipline of a sports star.
A pupil emulating a class prefect’s leadership skills.

Importance of These Learning Processes

The processes of direct learning, incidental learning, and role modelling play a major role in social development.

The following are the importance of these processes:

They help individuals understand and follow social rules.
They promote discipline and moral behaviour.
They help in building strong relationships in society.
They encourage the transfer of cultural values from one generation to another.
They help individuals to become responsible and respected members of society.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Storytelling, Demonstration, Explanation, Group Work, Question and Answer

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher reviews the previous lesson on agents of socialization and asks pupils how they learned certain behaviours at home or school.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils share short responses on how they were taught or learned something by watching others.
Learning Point: Pupils recall that socialization involves learning from people and experiences.

Step 2: Explanation of Direct Learning

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of direct learning and gives examples from school and home.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and identify examples from their daily lives.
Learning Point: Pupils understand what direct learning means and its examples.

Step 3: Explanation of Incidental Learning

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines incidental learning and discusses how it occurs naturally through observation.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils mention examples of what they have learned by observing others.
Learning Point: Pupils learn how people acquire behaviours unconsciously.

Step 4: Explanation of Role Modelling

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains role modelling, shows pictures of role models, and asks pupils to identify people they admire and why.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils mention their role models and what good behaviour they copy from them.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the concept of role modelling and its effect on behaviour.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes the board summary for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy notes into their exercise books.
Learning Point: Pupils record the key points of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define direct learning and give two examples.
Mention two examples of incidental learning.
Who is a role model?
State two importance of these learning processes.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond orally to the teacher’s questions.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 4 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the lesson and encourages pupils to learn from positive examples around them.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions where necessary.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate learning through observation, instruction, and imitation.

Home Task: Write a short, evidence-based paragraph about one safe and relevant example of Agents and Processes of Socialization (Part 4).

Lesson Keywords

Socialization – process of learning the values and behaviours of society
Direct Learning – learning through deliberate instruction
Incidental Learning – learning through experience and observation
Role Model – a person whose behaviour others imitate
Values – moral principles or standards of behaviour

Differentiation

Teacher gives slower learners simple examples for better understanding while advanced learners explain and act out role-modelling situations to the class.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Use real-life examples from the pupils’ environment to make the lesson relatable. Encourage discussion and participation by asking pupils to share personal learning experiences.