Demonstration with Splashing Techniques for SS 3

Class: SS 3
Term: First Term
Week: 4
Age: 17 years
Duration: 60 minutes
Subject: Dyeing and Bleaching
Topic: DEMONSTRATION WITH SPLASHING TECHNIQUES
Subject Matter: Guide the students to produce 2/3 yards of fabric card. Create splashing effect.
Previous Lesson: Tools, Materials and Equipment

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils/students should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• Identify the materials and equipment required for splashing techniques.
• Explain the step-by-step process of creating a splashing effect on fabric.
• State important safety precautions to observe during dyeing activities.

Affective Domain

• Appreciate the artistic possibilities of splashing techniques in fabric design.
• Develop patience and attention to detail during practical dyeing sessions.

Psychomotor Domain

• Demonstrate the correct method of applying splashing techniques using dyes.
• Produce a fabric card of 2/3 yards featuring a creative splashing effect.

Social Domain

• Collaborate effectively with peers during the practical demonstration and activity.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 2014 Senior Secondary Education Curriculum (SSEC)
• Relevant State Unified Scheme of Work
• A suitable Home Economics/Dyeing and Bleaching textbook for SS 3
• FCT ERC/NAPPS Scheme of work

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Prepared fabric cards (2/3 yards each)
• Assorted fabric dyes (liquid or powdered, mixed with water)
• Brushes of various sizes (old toothbrushes, stiff-bristled brushes)
• Water containers
• Protective gear (aprons, gloves)
• Newspapers or plastic sheets for covering work surfaces
• Sample fabric with splashing effect

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson is important because it introduces students to a creative and expressive fabric dyeing technique. Mastering splashing techniques enhances their practical skills in textile design and allows them to produce unique patterns. It also reinforces the importance of safety and precision in practical art forms.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Students should have basic knowledge of fabric types, colour mixing, and general safety practices in a practical workshop environment.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

DEMONSTRATION WITH SPLASHING TECHNIQUES

Introduction to Splashing Techniques

Splashing is a dyeing technique where liquid dye is flicked, splattered, or dropped onto fabric to create random, expressive patterns. It allows for spontaneous designs and can produce effects ranging from fine speckles to bold, abstract splashes.

Materials and Equipment for Splashing Techniques

To successfully create splashing effects on fabric, the following materials and equipment are essential:

1. Fabric Cards: Pre-cut pieces of fabric, typically 2/3 yards, prepared for dyeing. Cotton or linen fabrics are often preferred due to their good dye absorption.
2. Fabric Dyes: Liquid or powdered dyes mixed according to manufacturer’s instructions. A range of colours can be used for varied effects.
3. Water: For mixing dyes and rinsing.
4. Brushes:
   1. Old Toothbrushes: Excellent for fine, controlled splatters when flicking bristles.
   2. Stiff-bristled Brushes: Good for larger splashes and broader coverage.
   3. Paintbrushes: Can be used for dropping larger blobs of dye.
5. Containers: Small bowls or cups for holding mixed dyes.
6. Protective Gear:
   1. Aprons: To protect clothing from dye stains.
   2. Gloves: To protect hands from dye and chemicals.
7. Work Surface Protection: Newspapers, plastic sheets, or old cloths to cover the work area and prevent staining.
8. Drying Rack/Line: For drying the dyed fabric.

Steps for Creating a Splashing Effect on Fabric

Follow these steps to produce a fabric card with a splashing effect:

1. Prepare the Work Area: Lay down newspapers or plastic sheets to protect your work surface. Ensure good ventilation.
2. Prepare the Fabric: Lay the 2/3 yard fabric card flat and smooth on the protected surface. You may slightly dampen the fabric to allow for better dye spread, or keep it dry for sharper, more defined splatters.
3. Prepare the Dyes: Mix your chosen fabric dyes in separate containers according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Ensure the dyes are well dissolved and ready for use.
4. Load the Brush: Dip an old toothbrush or stiff-bristled brush into one of the prepared dyes, ensuring it is adequately loaded but not dripping excessively.
5. Create Splashes:
   1. For fine splatters: Hold the brush over the fabric and use your thumb or another finger to flick the bristles, causing small droplets of dye to spray onto the fabric.
   2. For larger splashes: Hold a brush with more dye and gently tap it against another object (e.g., a stick or another brush) over the fabric, or simply shake it to release larger drops.
   3. For controlled drops: Use a paintbrush to pick up a larger amount of dye and let it drip onto specific areas of the fabric.
6. Layer Colours (Optional): Allow the first colour to dry slightly, or apply subsequent colours while wet for blending effects. Experiment with different colours and techniques.
7. Allow to Dry: Once satisfied with the design, carefully move the fabric card to a clean, flat surface or hang it on a drying line in a well-ventilated area. Allow it to dry completely.
8. Fix the Dye (if required): Follow the dye manufacturer’s instructions for fixing the dye (e.g., ironing, steaming, or rinsing) to ensure colourfastness.
9. Rinse (if required): Rinse the fabric gently in cold water until the water runs clear, if recommended by the dye instructions.

Safety Precautions in Dyeing and Bleaching

Working with dyes requires adherence to safety measures to prevent accidents and health hazards:

1. Wear Protective Gear: Always wear gloves and an apron to protect skin and clothing from dyes.
2. Ensure Ventilation: Work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling dye fumes, especially when mixing powdered dyes.
3. Avoid Ingestion: Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with dyes. Keep dyes away from food items and utensils.
4. Handle Chemicals Carefully: Read and follow all instructions on dye packets. Avoid direct contact of concentrated dyes with skin.
5. Protect Work Surfaces: Cover tables and floors with newspapers or plastic sheets to prevent staining.
6. Clean Up Spills Immediately: Wipe up any dye spills promptly to prevent slips and permanent stains.
7. Wash Hands: Thoroughly wash hands with soap and water after handling dyes, even if gloves were worn.
8. Dispose of Waste Properly: Dispose of leftover dyes and contaminated materials according to local environmental guidelines.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Demonstration, Guided Practice, Question and Answer, Explanation, Practical Activity.

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Recalling/Engaging

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the students and asks them to recall previous lessons on basic dyeing techniques. The teacher then introduces the topic of “Demonstration with Splashing Techniques” and shows a sample of fabric with a splashing effect.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to questions about previous lessons and observe the sample fabric.

Learning Point: Introduction to splashing

Step 2: Identification of Materials and Equipment

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Identification/Explanation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays all the materials and equipment needed for the splashing technique (fabric cards, dyes, brushes, protective gear, etc.) and explains the function of each item.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify the materials and listen attentively to the explanations, asking questions for clarification.

Learning Point: Splashing materials identified

Step 3: Demonstration of Dye Preparation

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates how to properly mix powdered dyes with water to achieve the desired consistency and colour intensity, emphasising safety precautions during this process.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the dye preparation process carefully.

Learning Point: Dye preparation demonstrated

Step 4: Demonstration of Splashing Techniques

Time: 15 minutes

Teaching Skill: Practical Demonstration

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates various splashing techniques on a sample fabric, showing how to use different brushes (toothbrush, stiff-bristled brush) to create fine splatters, larger splashes, and controlled drops. The teacher explains each movement and its effect.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the teacher’s demonstration, paying close attention to the techniques and effects.

Learning Point: Splashing techniques observed

Step 5: Guided Practice – Initial Application

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Practice

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher distributes fabric cards and prepared dyes to students. The teacher guides students to begin applying the splashing techniques on their fabric cards, providing individual assistance and feedback.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils begin to practice splashing techniques on their fabric cards under the teacher’s guidance.

Learning Point: Initial splashing practice

Step 6: Reinforcement and Safety Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Reinforcement/Review

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher walks around, observes students’ progress, offers further tips, and reinforces the importance of safety precautions (wearing gloves, working neatly, proper ventilation) during the practical session.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils continue their practical work, incorporating the teacher’s feedback and adhering to safety rules.

Learning Point: Safety precautions reinforced

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. Mention three materials needed for creating a splashing effect.
2. Describe one method of creating fine splatters on fabric.
3. State two safety precautions to observe when working with dyes.
4. What is the purpose of covering your work surface with newspapers?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Understanding splashing techniques

Step 8: Note-Taking

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Writing

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils/students to copy the essential Board Summary notes on materials, steps, and safety precautions for splashing techniques into their notebooks.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils/students copy the notes carefully into their notebooks.

Learning Point: Recording lesson notes

Step 9: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Summarising

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarises the key steps involved in creating splashing effects and reminds students to complete their fabric cards and properly fix the dyes according to instructions. The teacher also praises their efforts and creativity.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and prepare for the next steps in their practical work.

Learning Point: Lesson consolidation

Continuous Assessment/Further Study

Type: Homework/Practical Application

Instruction: Complete your 2/3 yards fabric card using splashing techniques and ensure the dye is properly fixed. Bring your finished fabric card to the next class for display and assessment.

1. Ensure your fabric card has a clear splashing effect.
2. Write down the specific dye brand and fixing method you used.
3. Describe any challenges you faced and how you overcame them.

Lesson Keywords

• Splashing Technique – A dyeing method using flicked or dropped dye for random patterns.
• Fabric Card – A small piece of fabric prepared for dyeing or design.
• Dye Fixing – The process of making dye permanent on fabric.
• Protective Gear – Items like gloves and aprons worn for safety.
• Ventilation – Ensuring fresh air circulation, especially when working with chemicals.

Differentiation

For students who grasp the concept quickly, encourage them to experiment with colour blending, layering different splash sizes, or incorporating other simple resist techniques. For students needing more support, provide closer supervision, pre-mixed dyes, and simpler brushes, focusing on achieving a basic splashing effect before moving to complex designs.

Suggested Lesson Videos

YouTube search for “fabric dyeing splashing techniques SS3”