Different Processes of Starch Resist for SS 3

Class: SS 3
Term: First Term
Week: 6
Age: 17 years
Duration: 60 minutes
Subject: Dyeing and Bleaching
Topic: DIFFERENT PROCESSES OF STARCH RESIST, E.G STENCILING, FREE HAND DRAWING, SCREENING, STAMPING
Subject Matter: The teacher displays tools and materials like fabrics, assorted dye stuff, gloves, containers, alum etc. equipments used in creating starch resist. The students observe the materials and tools displayed
Previous Lesson: Starch Resist Batik, Meaning, Materials and Tools

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils/students should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• Identify the various tools and materials used in starch resist dyeing.
• List the different processes of starch resist dyeing.
• Explain the basic steps involved in stenciling, freehand drawing, screening, and stamping starch resist.

Affective Domain

• Appreciate the importance of safety precautions when working with dyes and tools.
• Value the creative potential of starch resist techniques in fabric decoration.
• Show interest in learning practical skills in dyeing and bleaching.

Psychomotor Domain

• Demonstrate the proper handling of tools and materials for starch resist.
• Perform basic stenciling and freehand drawing techniques using starch resist paste.
• Execute simple screening and stamping processes for starch resist application.

Social Domain

• Observe and learn from teacher demonstrations and peer activities.
• Participate actively in discussions about starch resist processes.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 2014 Senior Secondary Education Curriculum (SSEC)
• Relevant State Unified Scheme of Work
• A suitable Dyeing and Bleaching textbook for SS 3
• FCT ERC/NAPPS Scheme of work

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Fabrics (e.g., cotton, linen)
• Assorted dye stuff (e.g., cold water dyes)
• Starch paste (prepared)
• Gloves
• Containers (for dyes and starch paste)
• Alum (as a mordant)
• Brushes of various sizes
• Spatulas or spreaders
• Stencils (pre-cut designs)
• Screen printing frames and squeegees
• Stamps (e.g., carved wood, sponge)
• Pencils or chalk for freehand drawing
• Water source

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson is essential for students to understand the practical application of resist dyeing techniques using starch. It equips them with hands-on skills in fabric decoration, fostering creativity and potentially opening avenues for vocational opportunities. Mastering these processes enhances their ability to produce unique textile designs.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Students should have basic knowledge of fabrics, types of dyes, and general safety measures in a workshop environment.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Different Processes of Starch Resist

Introduction to Starch Resist

Starch resist is a traditional fabric dyeing technique where a thick paste made from starch is applied to certain areas of a fabric. This paste acts as a barrier, preventing the dye from penetrating those specific areas. When the fabric is dyed and the starch is later removed, the resisted areas retain their original colour, creating a pattern or design.

Tools and Materials for Starch Resist

The successful application of starch resist requires specific tools and materials:

1. Fabrics: Natural fibres like cotton, linen, or silk are most suitable as they readily absorb dye and allow the starch paste to adhere well.
2. Starch Paste: This is the primary resist agent, typically made from cassava starch, corn starch, or rice flour mixed with water to a thick consistency.
3. Assorted Dye Stuff: Cold water dyes (reactive dyes) are commonly used as they fix well to natural fibres and do not require high temperatures that might break down the starch paste.
4. Gloves: Essential for protecting hands from dyes and chemicals, ensuring safety and hygiene.
5. Containers: Used for mixing dyes, preparing starch paste, and holding water for rinsing.
6. Alum: Often used as a mordant to help dyes fix better to the fabric, especially for certain types of dyes.
7. Brushes: Various sizes of brushes are used for applying starch paste in freehand drawing or for detailed stencil work.
8. Spatulas/Spreaders: Useful for spreading starch paste evenly, especially in screening processes.
9. Stencils: Pre-cut designs made from paper, plastic, or thin metal, used to create repetitive patterns.
10. Screen Printing Frames and Squeegees: Used for the screening process, allowing for precise and uniform application of starch paste over larger areas.
11. Stamps: Carved objects (e.g., wood, potato, sponge) used to press starch paste onto the fabric, creating repeated motifs.
12. Pencils/Chalk: For outlining designs on fabric before applying starch paste in freehand drawing.

Processes of Starch Resist

There are several methods for applying starch resist to fabric, each yielding different aesthetic results:

Stenciling

Stenciling involves using a pre-cut design (stencil) to apply the starch paste. The stencil is placed on the fabric, and the paste is applied over the cut-out areas. When the stencil is removed, the design is left on the fabric. This method is good for creating sharp, repeatable patterns.

1. Prepare the fabric by washing and drying it.
2. Place the stencil firmly on the desired area of the fabric.
3. Apply starch paste over the cut-out areas of the stencil using a brush or spatula.
4. Carefully lift the stencil to reveal the resist design.
5. Allow the starch paste to dry completely before dyeing.

Freehand Drawing

Freehand drawing involves directly applying the starch paste onto the fabric using brushes, squeeze bottles, or other applicators to create designs without the aid of stencils or screens. This method allows for more organic, spontaneous, and unique patterns.

1. Prepare the fabric by washing and drying it.
2. Sketch the desired design lightly onto the fabric with a pencil or chalk.
3. Apply the starch paste along the drawn lines or fill in areas using a brush or a squeeze bottle.
4. Allow the starch paste to dry completely before dyeing.

Screening

Screening (or screen printing) uses a screen frame with a mesh fabric stretched over it. Areas of the mesh are blocked out, leaving open areas that form the design. Starch paste is pushed through these open areas onto the fabric using a squeegee. This method is efficient for producing multiple copies of a design and achieving fine details.

1. Prepare the fabric and place it flat on a printing surface.
2. Position the screen frame over the fabric where the design is desired.
3. Pour a line of starch paste across one end of the screen.
4. Using a squeegee, pull the paste firmly across the screen, forcing it through the open mesh areas onto the fabric.
5. Carefully lift the screen to reveal the resist design.
6. Allow the starch paste to dry completely before dyeing.

Stamping

Stamping involves using carved stamps (made from materials like wood, rubber, or even vegetables) to transfer starch paste onto the fabric. The stamp is dipped into the starch paste and then pressed onto the fabric, creating a repeated motif or pattern.

1. Prepare the fabric by washing and drying it.
2. Apply starch paste evenly onto the surface of the stamp.
3. Press the stamp firmly onto the fabric, ensuring good contact.
4. Lift the stamp carefully and repeat the process to create a pattern.
5. Allow the starch paste to dry completely before dyeing.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Demonstration, Guided Practice, Question and Answer, Explanation, Observation, Practical Activity.

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Activating Prior Knowledge/Introduction

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the students and reviews the previous lesson on basic dyeing techniques. The teacher then introduces the concept of resist dyeing and specifically starch resist, explaining that today’s lesson will focus on different ways to apply this resist.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to greetings, recall previous lesson points, and listen attentively to the introduction of starch resist.

Learning Point: Resist dyeing introduction

Step 2: Explanation of Starch Resist

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Concept Development

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what starch resist is, how it works (preventing dye penetration), and its purpose in fabric decoration. The teacher uses simple language and examples to make the concept clear.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, ask questions for clarification, and contribute their understanding of resist techniques.

Learning Point: Starch resist meaning

Step 3: Display and Discussion of Tools and Materials

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Identification

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays the tools and materials for starch resist (fabrics, assorted dye stuff, gloves, containers, alum, starch paste, brushes, stencils, screens, stamps, etc.). The teacher names each item and briefly explains its function in the starch resist process, emphasizing safety.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the displayed materials, identify them, and ask questions about their uses and safety precautions.

Learning Point: Tools and materials identification

Step 4: Demonstration of Stenciling and Freehand Drawing

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Practical Demonstration

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher practically demonstrates the stenciling process on a piece of fabric, showing how to place the stencil and apply the starch paste. Afterwards, the teacher demonstrates freehand drawing with starch paste using a brush or squeeze bottle, explaining the technique.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstrations carefully, noting the techniques and steps involved in stenciling and freehand drawing.

Learning Point: Stenciling and freehand drawing

Step 5: Demonstration of Screening and Stamping

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Practical Demonstration

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher continues by demonstrating the screening process, showing how to position the screen, apply the paste, and use the squeegee. Finally, the teacher demonstrates stamping with starch paste, using a prepared stamp to create a repeated pattern.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstrations of screening and stamping, paying attention to the details of each process.

Learning Point: Screening and stamping techniques

Step 6: Guided Practice/Observation

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Practice/Observation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher allows a few students to attempt applying starch paste using one of the demonstrated techniques under close supervision, or guides the class in a discussion of the observed techniques, reinforcing key steps.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils either practice a technique or actively participate in discussing the steps and challenges of each starch resist process.

Learning Point: Practical application observation

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. Name two tools used in starch resist dyeing.
2. Mention two processes of starch resist application.
3. Briefly explain how stenciling is done.
4. Why is starch paste used as a resist agent?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Starch resist processes

Step 8: Note-Taking

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Writing

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils/students to copy the essential Board Summary notes on the different processes of starch resist and the tools/materials into their notebooks.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils/students copy the notes carefully into their notebooks.

Learning Point: Board notes copying

Step 9: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Consolidation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarises the lesson by reiterating the importance of starch resist techniques in fabric decoration and encourages students to practice these skills. The teacher reminds them of safety and proper handling of materials.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and prepare for the next lesson.

Learning Point: Starch resist reinforcement

Continuous Assessment/Further Study

Type: Homework/Project

Instruction: Answer the questions and prepare for a practical activity.

1. List five materials you would need to perform starch resist dyeing at home.
2. Describe the difference between freehand drawing and stamping in starch resist.
3. Research and bring examples of fabrics decorated using resist techniques.
4. Prepare a small piece of fabric and a simple stencil for a practical session next week.

Lesson Keywords

• Starch Resist – A dyeing technique where starch paste prevents dye penetration.
• Stenciling – Applying resist through a pre-cut design.
• Freehand Drawing – Applying resist directly by hand without a guide.
• Screening – Applying resist using a screen frame and squeegee.
• Stamping – Applying resist using a carved object pressed onto fabric.
• Mordant – A substance used to fix dyes to fabric.

Differentiation

For learners who may struggle, the teacher will provide simpler stencils and more direct guidance during practical demonstrations, focusing on one technique at a time. Advanced learners will be encouraged to experiment with more complex freehand designs or combine different resist techniques.

Suggested Lesson Videos

Search YouTube for: starch resist dyeing techniques SS3