Class: Junior Secondary School 2 (JSS 2 / JS2)
Term: Third Term
Week: 1
Age: 13 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Curriculum Theme: Physical and Health Education
Previous Lesson: Third Term Physical & Health Education Examination.
Topic: NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AND THEIR PREVENTION
Subject Matter: Meaning of non-communicable disease

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define non-communicable diseases.
Identify characteristics of non-communicable diseases.
List examples of non-communicable diseases.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of preventing non-communicable diseases.
Develop a positive attitude towards healthy living.

Psychomotor Domain:

Discuss ways to prevent non-communicable diseases.
Formulate simple health advice to prevent NCDs.

Promote healthy lifestyle choices among peers and family.
Participate in discussions about community health.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
MacMillan Basic Science and Technology for Junior Secondary Schools 2
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases
https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/about/index.htm

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

A chart showing different types of non-communicable diseases.
Pictures illustrating healthy and unhealthy lifestyles.
A projector and slides (if available) displaying information on NCDs.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand what non-communicable diseases are and how they can be prevented. It enables pupils to make informed choices about their health and adopt practices that reduce their risk of developing these diseases.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have prior knowledge of general diseases, healthy habits, and basic body systems from previous lessons in Basic Science and Health Education.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AND THEIR PREVENTION

Meaning of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are diseases that are not infectious and cannot be spread from one person to another. They are often chronic, meaning they are long-lasting and progress slowly. These diseases result from a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental, and behavioral factors.

Characteristics of Non-Communicable Diseases

The following are characteristics of NCDs:

They are not caused by germs or pathogens.
They are not transmissible (cannot be passed from person to person).
They are often long-lasting (chronic) and may require long-term management.
They are influenced by lifestyle choices and environmental factors.
They may have a genetic predisposition.

Examples of Non-Communicable Diseases

Some common examples of non-communicable diseases include:

Heart diseases (e.g., heart attack, stroke)
Cancer
Diabetes (Type 2)
Chronic respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Obesity
Kidney disease
Sickle Cell Anaemia

Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases

Prevention of NCDs largely involves adopting healthy lifestyle choices. Key preventive measures include:

Healthy Diet: Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, while limiting processed foods, sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats.
Regular Physical Activity: Engaging in regular exercise for at least 30 minutes most days of the week.
Avoiding Tobacco Use: Refraining from smoking or using any tobacco products.
Limiting Alcohol Consumption: Consuming alcohol in moderation, if at all.
Managing Stress: Practicing stress-reduction techniques like meditation, yoga, or hobbies.
Regular Medical Check-ups: Undergoing routine health screenings to detect and manage risk factors early.
Maintaining a Healthy Weight: Ensuring body weight is within a healthy range.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to recall different types of diseases they know. The teacher then introduces the topic by explaining that some diseases are not spread from person to person.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and listen attentively to the introduction.
Learning Point: Pupils are engaged and prepared for the lesson.

Step 2: Meaning of Non-Communicable Diseases

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), emphasizing that they are not infectious and cannot be transmitted from one person to another. The teacher writes the definition on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and define non-communicable diseases in their own words.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the core definition of NCDs.

Step 3: Characteristics of Non-Communicable Diseases

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Elucidation/Listing
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher discusses the key characteristics of NCDs, such as not being caused by pathogens, being chronic, and being influenced by lifestyle factors. The teacher uses the chart to illustrate.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify and list the characteristics of non-communicable diseases.
Learning Point: Pupils can differentiate NCDs from communicable diseases.

Step 4: Examples of Non-Communicable Diseases

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Illustration/Examples
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher provides various examples of NCDs like heart disease, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension, explaining briefly what each involves. The teacher shows pictures where appropriate.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, ask questions for clarification, and list examples of non-communicable diseases.
Learning Point: Pupils can name common NCDs.

Step 5: Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Guidance
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher initiates a discussion on general ways to prevent NCDs, focusing on healthy lifestyle choices. The teacher guides pupils to think about daily habits.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils contribute ideas on how to prevent diseases and listen to the teacher’s guidance.
Learning Point: Pupils identify initial strategies for NCD prevention.

Step 6: Discussing Healthy Lifestyle Choices

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Interactive Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher expands on the prevention methods, detailing specific healthy lifestyle choices such as balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding harmful substances. The teacher emphasizes consistency.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils discuss and identify specific healthy lifestyle choices that can prevent NCDs.
Learning Point: Pupils understand practical steps for NCD prevention.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What are non-communicable diseases?
State two characteristics of non-communicable diseases.
Mention three examples of non-communicable diseases.
List two ways to prevent non-communicable diseases.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the definition, characteristics, examples, and prevention methods of non-communicable diseases. The teacher assigns homework: “Research one non-communicable disease and write a short paragraph about its causes and how it can be prevented.”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their understanding and are given an opportunity for further research.

Lesson Keywords

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) – Diseases that are not infectious and cannot be transmitted from person to person.
Chronic – A condition that is long-lasting and often requires ongoing medical attention.
Prevention – Actions taken to stop something from happening or arising.
Lifestyle – The way a person or group lives.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher will encourage them to research specific NCDs in more detail. For pupils who need more support, the teacher will provide simplified definitions and more direct examples, possibly using visual aids more extensively.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should encourage active participation and real-life examples from the pupils’ environment to make the lesson relatable. Emphasize the long-term benefits of healthy living for preventing NCDs. Ensure a clear distinction is made between communicable and non-communicable diseases.