Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 9
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Tourism
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Environmental Benefit Of Tourism: Environmental Protection And Conservation Facilities.
Topic: Negative Tourism
Subject Matter: Breakdown of traditional values, Health risks linked to tourism, Increase in social vices and crimes, Capital intensive nature of tourism, Cultural dilution or disappearance

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define negative tourism.
Identify and explain various negative impacts of tourism.
List examples of social vices and health risks associated with tourism.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of sustainable tourism practices.
Develop a critical perspective on the overall effects of tourism.
Show concern for the preservation of local cultures and environments.

Psychomotor Domain:

Analyze case studies illustrating negative tourism impacts.
Propose strategies to mitigate negative effects of tourism.
Illustrate with examples how traditional values can be affected by tourism.

Discuss the role of local communities in managing tourism impacts.
Collaborate with peers to identify solutions to tourism-related problems.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Business Studies (JSS 1-3) & Senior Secondary Tourism Curriculum.
State Unified Scheme of Work for Tourism, SSS 1.
Adeleke, A.A. (2018). Fundamentals of Tourism for Senior Secondary Schools. Ibadan: University Press PLC.
https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/book/10.18111/9789284412217
https://www.unep.org/resources/report/tourism-development-and-environmental-impacts

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Case study notes on negative tourism impacts.
Pictures of overcrowded tourist sites.
Community impact reports related to tourism.
Whiteboard and markers.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the less desirable aspects of tourism, moving beyond just the benefits. It enables them to critically evaluate tourism activities and appreciate the need for responsible and sustainable practices to protect local communities and environments.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are assumed to have prior knowledge of the definition of tourism, types of tourism, and the positive impacts of tourism on economic development and cultural exchange.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Negative Tourism

Breakdown of Traditional Values

Tourism can sometimes lead to the erosion or commercialization of local customs, traditions, and social structures. When cultural practices are performed mainly for tourists, they may lose their original meaning and authenticity.

The following are ways traditional values can be affected:

Commercialization of sacred rituals or festivals.
Adoption of foreign dress codes and behaviors by locals.
Loss of local languages due to increased use of foreign languages.
Changes in local social hierarchies and community structures.

Health Risks Linked to Tourism

Increased movement of people can introduce new health challenges to host communities and tourists. This can strain local health services.

The following are health risks linked to tourism:

Spread of infectious diseases (e.g., malaria, cholera, respiratory illnesses) between tourists and locals.
Increased demand on local sanitation and waste management systems, leading to potential outbreaks.
Introduction of new illnesses or drug-resistant strains by visitors.
Stress on local healthcare facilities, making it harder for residents to access medical care.

Increase in Social Vices and Crimes

The influx of tourists and increased economic activity can sometimes lead to an rise in undesirable social behaviours and criminal activities.

The following are social vices and crimes that can increase due to tourism:

Prostitution and sex tourism.
Drug trafficking and abuse.
Petty theft and pickpocketing targeting tourists.
Scams and fraud.
Increased gambling and alcoholism.

Capital Intensive Nature of Tourism

Developing tourism infrastructure requires significant financial investment, which often comes from foreign sources or large corporations, sometimes at the expense of local businesses and public services.

The following are points related to the capital intensive nature of tourism:

High cost of building and maintaining hotels, resorts, airports, and roads.
Investment often comes from outside the local community, leading to profit repatriation.
Local governments may prioritize tourism development over essential services like education or healthcare.
Small local businesses may struggle to compete with large international chains.

Cultural Dilution or Disappearance

When local cultures are heavily exposed to tourism, there is a risk that they may lose their unique characteristics or even disappear as they adapt to tourist preferences.

The following are ways cultural dilution can occur:

Authentic crafts being replaced by mass-produced souvenirs.
Traditional performances becoming staged and artificial for entertainment.
Loss of traditional skills and knowledge if they are not seen as profitable for tourism.
Homogenization of local cultures to appeal to a broader tourist market.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to recall some positive impacts of tourism discussed in the previous lesson. The teacher then asks if they think tourism has only positive effects. This leads to the introduction of “Negative Tourism.”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to questions and share their thoughts on the positive aspects of tourism, then consider the possibility of negative impacts.
Learning Point: Pupils recall previous knowledge and are introduced to the lesson’s topic.

Step 2: Explanation of Breakdown of Traditional Values

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how tourism can lead to the breakdown of traditional values, citing examples like the commercialization of local customs and the adoption of foreign lifestyles. The teacher uses pictures of local festivals being performed for tourists to illustrate.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, ask questions, and contribute examples from their own observations or knowledge.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how tourism can negatively impact local cultures and traditions.

Step 3: Discussion of Health Risks Linked to Tourism

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher discusses the various health risks associated with tourism, such as the spread of diseases and the strain on local health facilities. The teacher asks pupils to suggest ways these risks can be managed.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify potential health risks and discuss possible solutions.
Learning Point: Pupils learn about the health implications of tourism for both visitors and host communities.

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Brainstorming/Case Study Analysis
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher presents short case studies or scenarios where tourism has led to an increase in social vices and crimes. The teacher encourages pupils to brainstorm types of crimes or vices that might increase.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils analyze the case studies and list various social vices and crimes that can be linked to tourism.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how tourism can contribute to social problems and crime rates.

Step 5: Elaboration on Capital Intensive Nature of Tourism

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Lecture/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains that tourism infrastructure often requires significant capital investment, which might not always benefit the local economy directly. The teacher highlights how foreign investment can sometimes lead to profit leaving the country.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and take notes, understanding the economic challenges related to tourism development.
Learning Point: Pupils learn about the financial demands and potential economic leakage in tourism.

Step 6: Examination of Cultural Dilution or Disappearance

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Examples
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher discusses how cultural authenticity can be lost or diluted when traditions are modified to suit tourist tastes. The teacher provides examples like mass-produced souvenirs replacing authentic crafts.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify examples of cultural dilution and discuss its long-term effects.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the concept of cultural dilution and its impact on local identity.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define negative tourism.
List three ways tourism can lead to the breakdown of traditional values.
Mention two health risks linked to tourism.
Explain how tourism can increase social vices in a community.
State two ways tourism can lead to cultural dilution.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key negative impacts of tourism discussed and emphasizes the need for careful planning and sustainable practices. The teacher assigns homework: “Suggest three strategies that can help mitigate the negative impacts of tourism in a community.”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their understanding of the lesson and are encouraged to think about solutions.

Lesson Keywords

Negative Tourism – The undesirable social, economic, cultural, or environmental impacts caused by tourism activities.
Traditional Values – The customs, beliefs, and practices that have been passed down through generations within a community.
Social Vices – Immoral or undesirable behaviors within a society, such as drug abuse or prostitution.
Capital Intensive – Requiring a large amount of financial investment to develop or operate.
Cultural Dilution – The process by which a culture loses its unique features or authenticity due to external influences.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can encourage them to research specific examples of negative tourism impacts in Nigeria or other African countries. For pupils who need more support, the teacher can provide simplified notes or pair them with stronger pupils for discussion and note-taking during the lesson.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should encourage active participation and critical thinking among pupils. Using local examples where possible will help pupils relate better to the topic. It is important to balance the discussion of negative impacts with the understanding that tourism can also bring significant benefits when managed properly.