Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: First Term
Week: 10
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Tourism
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Components Of Tourism: Attractions, Accessibility And Amenities Explained.
Topic: Characteristics of tourism
Subject Matter: Tourism as dynamic, Commercial orientation in tourism, Tourism resilience, Labour intensive nature of tourism, Capital intensive nature of tourism

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define what is meant by the characteristics of tourism.
Explain at least three characteristics of tourism.
Identify examples related to each characteristic discussed.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the complex nature of the tourism industry.
Recognize the importance of these characteristics in the development and management of tourism.
Show interest in learning more about the tourism sector.

Psychomotor Domain:

Illustrate how tourism demonstrates dynamism using real-world examples.
Present points on why tourism is considered both labour and capital intensive.

Participate actively in class discussions about tourism characteristics.
Collaborate with peers to identify various aspects of tourism.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum (Senior Secondary Tourism)
State Unified Scheme of Work for Tourism, SS1
Adeola, J. A. (2018). Comprehensive Tourism for Senior Secondary Schools. Lagos: Educational Publishers Ltd.
https://www.nigeriancurriculum.gov.ng
https://www.tourism.gov.ng

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing different tourism services and facilities
Pictures illustrating various aspects of tourism, such as hotels, airports, tour guides, and tourist attractions

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding the characteristics of tourism helps pupils grasp the fundamental nature of the industry. This knowledge enables them to appreciate how tourism operates, its economic impact, and its ability to adapt, which is important for future career considerations or informed participation in the sector.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should have a basic understanding of what tourism is, its definition, and common types of tourism destinations from previous lessons.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Characteristics of Tourism

Tourism as Dynamic

Tourism is considered dynamic because it is constantly changing and evolving. It is influenced by global trends, technological advancements, shifting consumer preferences, economic conditions, and environmental factors.

The following are reasons why tourism is dynamic:

Changing travel trends and destinations.
Introduction of new technologies (e.g., online booking, virtual reality tours).
Influence of social media and digital platforms.
Adaptation to global events and crises.

Commercial Orientation in Tourism

Tourism is primarily a commercial activity, meaning it is driven by profit motives and involves various businesses providing goods and services. Many businesses invest in the industry to generate revenue and create economic value.

The following are aspects of commercial orientation in tourism:

Involvement of private sector businesses like hotels, airlines, tour operators, and restaurants.
Emphasis on marketing, sales, and customer service to attract tourists.
Generation of revenue through tourist spending, taxes, and fees.
Contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of a country.

Tourism Resilience

Tourism resilience refers to the industry’s ability to withstand and recover from various shocks, crises, or disruptions. This includes natural disasters, economic downturns, health pandemics, or political instabilities.

The following are factors contributing to tourism resilience:

Ability to adapt and innovate in times of crisis.
Diversification of tourism products and markets.
Strong government support and policy frameworks.
Community involvement in recovery efforts.

Labour Intensive Nature of Tourism

Tourism is a labour-intensive industry, meaning it requires a significant amount of human effort and personnel to deliver its services. It creates a wide range of job opportunities across different skill levels.

The following are reasons why tourism is labour intensive:

Direct employment in hotels, restaurants, airlines, and tour guiding.
Indirect employment in related sectors like agriculture and construction.
High demand for personalized services and customer interaction.
Requirement for a diverse workforce, including skilled and unskilled labour.

Capital Intensive Nature of Tourism

Tourism is also a capital-intensive industry, requiring substantial financial investment in infrastructure, facilities, and equipment. Large sums of money are needed to develop and maintain tourism assets.

The following are examples of capital investments in tourism:

Construction and renovation of hotels, resorts, and convention centres.
Development of transportation infrastructure such as airports, roads, and seaports.
Investment in tourist attractions like theme parks, museums, and national parks.
Acquisition of vehicles, aircraft, and specialized equipment for tourism operations.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and reviews the previous lesson on the definition and types of tourism. The teacher then introduces the new topic, “Characteristics of Tourism,” by asking pupils what makes the tourism industry unique compared to other industries.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the questions and listen attentively to the introduction of the new topic.
Learning Point: Pupils recall previous knowledge and are prepared for the new lesson.

Step 2: Tourism as Dynamic

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains that tourism is dynamic, constantly changing due to trends, technology, and preferences. The teacher uses examples like the rise of online travel agencies or eco-tourism to illustrate this point. Pupils are encouraged to share their own observations.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and share examples of how tourism has changed over time.
Learning Point: Pupils understand that tourism is not static but evolves continuously.

Step 3: Commercial Orientation in Tourism

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains that tourism is largely a commercial activity, involving many businesses aiming for profit. The teacher asks pupils to list different businesses that benefit from tourism, such as hotels, airlines, and restaurants.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify and discuss various commercial entities within the tourism sector.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the profit-driven nature and economic importance of the tourism industry.

Step 4: Tourism Resilience

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Case Study
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines tourism resilience as the ability of the industry to recover from crises. The teacher might briefly mention how tourism in certain areas recovered after events like the Ebola outbreak or economic recessions, highlighting its ability to adapt.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to examples and discuss how tourism businesses might cope during difficult times.
Learning Point: Pupils learn about the industry’s capacity to bounce back from challenges.

Step 5: Labour Intensive Nature of Tourism

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Listing
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains that tourism requires many people to function, making it labour-intensive. The teacher asks pupils to name different jobs found in the tourism sector, from hotel staff to tour guides.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils list various job roles and discuss why human interaction is important in tourism.
Learning Point: Pupils recognize the significant employment opportunities created by tourism.

Step 6: Capital Intensive Nature of Tourism

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains that tourism also needs a lot of money (capital) for infrastructure and facilities. Using the charts and pictures, the teacher points out examples like large hotels, airports, and tourist sites, explaining the huge investments required.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the instructional materials and understand the financial scale of tourism development.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the substantial financial investments needed for tourism infrastructure.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define what is meant by tourism resilience.
List three characteristics of tourism.
Explain what is meant by the commercial orientation of tourism.
State two reasons why tourism is considered labour intensive.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key characteristics of tourism discussed in the lesson. The teacher assigns homework, asking pupils to research how a local tourist attraction demonstrates at least two of these characteristics.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and prepare for further exploration of the topic.

Lesson Keywords

Dynamic – Constantly changing or active.
Commercial Orientation – Focused on making profit or engaging in trade.
Resilience – The ability to recover quickly from difficulties.
Labour Intensive – Requiring a large amount of human effort or workers.
Capital Intensive – Requiring large amounts of financial investment or capital.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can encourage them to research and present additional characteristics of tourism not covered in the lesson. For pupils who require more support, the teacher can provide simplified notes or pair them with stronger pupils for collaborative learning during activities.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Encourage pupils to think critically about how these characteristics manifest in their local environment. Use real-life examples from Nigeria to make the lesson relatable. Ensure visual aids are clear and directly support the points being taught. Emphasize both the positive and negative implications of these characteristics where relevant.