Examination on Social Studies
Class: JSS 3
Term: Second Term
Time: 1 Hour
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer all questions.

1. ________ is generally defined as the absence of war and violence. (a) Conflict (b) Peace (c) Justice (d) Power
2. The type of peace where there is an absence of direct violence but underlying causes of conflict still exist is called ________ peace. (a) positive (b) negative (c) uneasy (d) permanent
3. An example of a method for promoting peace is ________. (a) violence (b) injustice (c) tolerance (d) discrimination
4. Which of the following is an importance of peace in a society? (a) Increased crime rate (b) Economic stagnation (c) Progress and development (d) Social unrest
5. All of these are ways of promoting peace except ________. (a) social justice (b) human rights (c) mutual respect (d) discrimination
6. Which of these is NOT an attribute required for conflict resolution? (a) Self-control (b) Mutual understanding (c) Respect for opposing views (d) Stubbornness
7. The main reason for promoting peace is ________. (a) to encourage disputes (b) to foster progress and happiness (c) to create division (d) to promote violence
8. The correct step in resolving conflict through dialogue involves ________. (a) refusing to listen (b) open discussion (c) issuing threats (d) avoiding communication
9. Which of these is not a type of social conflict? (a) Inter-ethnic conflict (b) Communal conflict (c) Personal conflict (d) Intra-ethnic conflict
10. A state of complete well-being, where there is justice and resolution of underlying causes of conflict, is known as ________ peace. (a) positive (b) uneasy (c) negative (d) temporary
11. One of the major consequences of social conflict on communities is ________. (a) increased unity (b) economic growth (c) displacement of people (d) improved infrastructure
12. The process of ending a disagreement or dispute between two or more parties is known as conflict ________. (a) escalation (b) management (c) initiation (d) avoidance
13. Showing understanding and acceptance of different views and beliefs is referred to as ________. (a) intolerance (b) tolerance (c) bias (d) prejudice
14. Which of the following best describes a non-violent conflict? (a) A disagreement involving physical harm (b) A dispute resolved through negotiation (c) A clash resulting in destruction of property (d) A conflict involving armed struggle
15. When people work together towards a common goal, it is called ________. (a) competition (b) cooperation (c) rivalry (d) isolation
16. Respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of all individuals is known as ________. (a) human rights (b) civil disobedience (c) political power (d) social welfare
17. A conflict between different ethnic groups within a country is an example of ________ conflict. (a) intra-ethnic (b) communal (c) inter-ethnic (d) personal
18. The act of reaching an agreement where each party gives up something to meet in the middle is called ________. (a) dialogue (b) mediation (c) compromise (d) court ruling
19. Which attribute requires individuals to control their emotions during conflict resolution? (a) Mutual understanding (b) Respect for rule of law (c) Self-control (d) Tolerance
20. The importance of peace includes the absence of ________. (a) economic growth (b) violent conflict (c) happiness (d) development
21. When a third neutral party helps conflicting parties to reach an agreement, this method is known as ________. (a) court ruling (b) dialogue (c) mediation (d) arbitration
22. All of these are negative consequences of conflict except ________. (a) loss of lives (b) destruction of property (c) improved security (d) fear and insecurity
23. The ability to accept and endure opinions or behaviour that one dislikes or disagrees with is ________. (a) intolerance (b) tolerance (c) empathy (d) sympathy
24. A conflict that occurs within a specific community, often over land or chieftaincy titles, is a ________ conflict. (a) inter-ethnic (b) international (c) communal (d) global
25. The principle that all people should have equal rights and opportunities is called ________. (a) social injustice (b) social justice (c) social class (d) social power
26. Which of the following is a primary cause of social conflicts in many societies? (a) Abundant resources (b) Injustice and inequality (c) Strong rule of law (d) High level of education
27. The legal process where disputes are settled by a judge or jury is through ________. (a) mediation (b) dialogue (c) court rulings (d) compromise
28. To ensure peaceful living, individuals must have ________ for others’ cultures and beliefs. (a) disregard (b) disrespect (c) mutual respect (d) indifference
29. Which of these is a characteristic of negative peace? (a) Absence of direct violence (b) Resolution of underlying issues (c) Justice for all (d) Economic equality
30. The attribute that involves listening to and considering the perspectives of others during conflict is ________. (a) stubbornness (b) self-control (c) mutual understanding (d) disrespect
31. The term “conflict” generally refers to a serious ________ or argument. (a) agreement (b) disagreement (c) cooperation (d) harmony
32. Promoting human rights helps to prevent conflicts by ensuring ________. (a) oppression (b) fairness and dignity (c) discrimination (d) inequality
33. One of the benefits of peace is reduced ________ among the populace. (a) development (b) stress (c) prosperity (d) happiness
34. Which of the following is a direct result of violent conflict? (a) Economic boom (b) Loss of infrastructure (c) Increased tourism (d) Social cohesion
35. For effective conflict resolution, it is important to respect the ________. (a) opinions of only one party (b) rule of law (c) personal feelings only (d) strongest party
36. All of these are methods of conflict resolution except ________. (a) dialogue (b) violence (c) compromise (d) mediation
37. When a society experiences progress and development, it is an indication of ________. (a) conflict (b) peace (c) injustice (d) war
38. The ability to control one’s own desires, impulses, and actions is known as ________. (a) aggression (b) self-control (c) impulsiveness (d) dominance
39. Which of the following promotes peaceful coexistence? (a) Prejudice (b) Bigotry (c) Empathy (d) Hatred
40. ________ peace is characterized by the presence of justice, equity, and harmony. (a) Negative (b) Uneasy (c) Positive (d) Temporary

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer any THREE questions.

1. (a) Define peace in your own words. (2 marks)
(b) Differentiate between positive peace and negative peace. (3 marks)
(c) State three reasons why peace is important in any society. (3 marks)
(d) Give two benefits of living in a peaceful community. (2 marks)

2. (a) What is meant by social conflict? (2 marks)
(b) Identify and briefly explain two types of social conflict. (3 marks)
(c) List three major causes of conflict in your community. (3 marks)
(d) State two negative consequences of conflict on people. (2 marks)

3. (a) Explain the term ‘tolerance’ as a way of promoting peace. (2 marks)
(b) Describe how social justice can contribute to peaceful living. (3 marks)
(c) Mention three attributes required for effective conflict resolution. (3 marks)
(d) Give two examples of human rights that help promote peace. (2 marks)

4. (a) What is conflict resolution? (2 marks)
(b) Explain two methods of resolving conflicts. (3 marks)
(c) Discuss the importance of ‘mutual understanding’ in conflict resolution. (3 marks)
(d) State two situations where court rulings might be the best method for conflict resolution. (2 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (b) Peace
Question 2 – ✅ (b) negative
Question 3 – ✅ (c) tolerance
Question 4 – ✅ (c) Progress and development
Question 5 – ✅ (d) discrimination
Question 6 – ✅ (d) Stubbornness
Question 7 – ✅ (b) to foster progress and happiness
Question 8 – ✅ (b) open discussion
Question 9 – ✅ (c) Personal conflict
Question 10 – ✅ (a) positive
Question 11 – ✅ (c) displacement of people
Question 12 – ✅ (b) management
Question 13 – ✅ (b) tolerance
Question 14 – ✅ (b) A dispute resolved through negotiation
Question 15 – ✅ (b) cooperation
Question 16 – ✅ (a) human rights
Question 17 – ✅ (c) inter-ethnic
Question 18 – ✅ (c) compromise
Question 19 – ✅ (c) Self-control
Question 20 – ✅ (b) violent conflict
Question 21 – ✅ (c) mediation
Question 22 – ✅ (c) improved security
Question 23 – ✅ (b) tolerance
Question 24 – ✅ (c) communal
Question 25 – ✅ (b) social justice
Question 26 – ✅ (b) Injustice and inequality
Question 27 – ✅ (c) court rulings
Question 28 – ✅ (c) mutual respect
Question 29 – ✅ (a) Absence of direct violence
Question 30 – ✅ (c) mutual understanding
Question 31 – ✅ (b) disagreement
Question 32 – ✅ (b) fairness and dignity
Question 33 – ✅ (b) stress
Question 34 – ✅ (b) Loss of infrastructure
Question 35 – ✅ (b) rule of law
Question 36 – ✅ (b) violence
Question 37 – ✅ (b) peace
Question 38 – ✅ (b) self-control
Question 39 – ✅ (c) Empathy
Question 40 – ✅ (c) Positive