New Curriculum Third Term Geography examination for SS 1

Class: SSS 1
Term: Third Term
Subject: Geography
Time: 2 hours
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A — OBJECTIVE TEST (40 MARKS)
Instruction: Answer ALL 40 questions. Each question carries 1 mark. Choose the most appropriate option (a)–(d).

1. A Nigerian cement factory uses limestone as its major input. Identify the resource category to which limestone belongs. (a) a mineral resource (b) a human settlement (c) a solar-energy resource (d) a biological food crop
2. A state considers building a coal-powered plant beside a town. Which environmental concern deserves direct assessment? (a) Air pollution from fuel combustion (b) Changing Nigeria's latitude (c) Automatically eliminating rainfall (d) Increasing the number of planets
3. Planners overlay maps of schools with flood-risk zones to identify exposed schools. Name the technology used for this analysis. (a) a rain gauge alone (b) a colour printer without location data (c) a standalone text document (d) GIS
4. A community has a mineral deposit, but extraction damages farmland and a stream. Which policy best reflects balanced resource use? (a) Stop monitoring after the first shipment (b) Assume minerals regenerate each rainy season (c) Assess economic benefits alongside environmental costs (d) Ignore the stream because minerals are valuable
5. A town map shows individual streets and buildings in great detail. Identify the map-scale category. (a) small-scale (b) a globe (c) large-scale (d) a world atlas only
6. Measure 7 cm on a 1:50,000 map. Calculate the represented ground distance. (a) 3.5 km (b) 350 m (c) 0.35 km (d) 35 km
7. A point lies exactly on the 140 m contour, while the next line is 120 m. State the point’s height. (a) 130 m (b) 140 m (c) 160 m (d) 20 m
8. Surveyors collect borehole coordinates from satellite signals. Which positioning system do they use? (a) GPS (b) CSS (c) a classroom projector (d) a spreadsheet's font menu
9. A village uses sunlight rather than coal to power irrigation pumps. Classify its energy source. (a) refined crude oil (b) a finite metallic ore (c) non-renewable coal energy (d) renewable solar energy
10. A wetland is drained for construction and seasonal flooding worsens nearby. Which lost ecosystem function best explains the change? (a) Creation of new mountain ranges (b) Storage and slowing of excess surface water (c) Generation of crude oil underground (d) Permanent reduction of sea level
11. Which map would normally show more detail about individual buildings? (a) 1:1,000,000 (b) 1:20,000,000 (c) 1:10,000 (d) 1:5,000,000
12. ________ resources include groundwater, lakes and rivers used by communities. (a) Water (b) Atmospheric-wind-only (c) Fossil-fuel-only (d) Mineral
13. Which set contains only renewable energy sources? (a) gas, hydropower and coal (b) coal, crude oil and gas (c) tin, gold and limestone (d) wind, sunlight and flowing water
14. Which Nigerian mineral resource is strongly associated with the historic Jos Plateau mining industry? (a) forest timber (b) crude oil (c) tin (d) hydropower
15. Convert the statement scale "1 cm represents 2 km" into a representative fraction. (a) 1:20,000 (b) 1:2,000,000 (c) 1:200,000 (d) 1:2,000
16. ________ contour lines normally indicate a steep slope. (a) Disconnected with no heights (b) Closely spaced (c) Parallel to the north arrow only (d) Widely spaced
17. The ________ describes information linked to an identifiable position on Earth's surface. (a) unlabelled audio (b) spatial data (c) non-geographical caption (d) random paragraph
18. A researcher acquires images of forest cover from a satellite rather than walking the site. Identify the method. (a) direct handheld soil sieving (b) counting map grid boxes alone (c) manual copying of a map legend (d) remote sensing
19. Why is crude oil classified as non-renewable on human timescales? (a) It can be recreated fully in one growing season (b) Its natural formation takes vastly longer than normal rates of use (c) It is always found on the Earth's surface (d) All oil fields refill after rainfall
20. The main reason a mineral-processing industry may locate near its raw material is to ________. (a) guarantee all workers live at the mine (b) increase the distance every input must travel (c) eliminate all energy requirements (d) reduce the cost and difficulty of transporting bulky inputs
21. Why is combining location data from several sources useful for planning? (a) It eliminates all measurement uncertainty (b) It guarantees every source is error-free (c) It replaces any need to check map coordinates (d) It enables spatial relationships to be compared on a common map
22. Which resource-related decision best supports future community livelihoods? (a) Treat exhausted ore as renewable (b) Spend all revenue without keeping records (c) Use part of resource revenue to maintain infrastructure and restore damaged land (d) Allow uncontrolled dumping into water sources
23. Which combination is most appropriate for mapping changes in forest cover and analysing them against road locations? (a) A compass used without location records (b) Satellite imagery processed and compared using GIS (c) A thermometer and school register (d) A GPS receiver without any stored map data
24. The ________ distinction matters when a forest is harvested: trees can regrow, but only if use is managed within their recovery. (a) renewable-resource (b) urban–rural (c) contour–bearing (d) longitude–latitude
25. The correct step in using a linear map scale is to ________. (a) count the number of rivers before measuring (b) multiply the map distance by the page number (c) compare the measured map distance with the scale bar (d) assume one centimetre always equals one kilometre
26. Which policy most directly reduces land degradation associated with mineral extraction? (a) Reclaim excavated sites and control contaminated runoff (b) Remove monitoring equipment after excavation (c) Expand mining into protected areas without assessment (d) Dump tailings into nearby streams
27. A mine yields iron ore for steel production. Which category best describes the material removed? (a) surface-water resource (b) metallic mineral resource (c) wetland habitat (d) wind-energy resource
28. The main advantage of a topographical map for route planning is that it ________. (a) displays live traffic without additional data (b) eliminates the need for directions (c) guarantees every road is passable in rain (d) represents relief and features affecting movement
29. Which choice correctly compares forest and savannah land resources? (a) All forests must be permanently flooded (b) Forests generally have denser tree cover; savannah is dominated by grasses with scattered trees (c) Savannah is always bare rock; forest is always a sea (d) Both are identical in vegetation structure
30. A road-builder compares two routes: Route A crosses widely spaced contours; Route B crosses tightly packed contours. Which is generally easier in relief terms? (a) Both must have identical gradients (b) Route A, because it has gentler slopes (c) Route B, because it has gentler slopes (d) Neither can be assessed from contours
31. All the following are non-renewable resources EXCEPT ________. (a) crude oil (b) natural gas (c) coal (d) energy from a consistently replenished river flow
32. A town extracts groundwater faster than it is replenished. Predict the likely long-term consequence. (a) unchanged water levels in every season (b) declining groundwater availability (c) instant formation of new rivers (d) increased mineral reserves
33. Which of these is NOT a defensible contour-map interpretation? (a) Every closed contour represents a lake (b) Contour spacing indicates slope steepness (c) Height differences may be estimated from contour values (d) Contours can help identify steep valleys
34. A learner needs to plan a path across hills. Which map detail should be examined first? (a) contours and slope pattern (b) border decoration (c) number of colours in the publisher's logo (d) printing date alone
35. Which of these is NOT a correct statement about geospatial technologies? (a) GIS can organise and analyse spatial layers (b) GPS can provide position estimates (c) remote sensing can collect imagery from a distance (d) GPS alone produces a fully interpreted land-use map without analysis
36. All of the following are mineral resources EXCEPT ________. (a) lithium (b) gold (c) electricity from moving water (d) limestone
37. Which decision requires geospatial information most directly? (a) Printing a class attendance list (b) Writing a welcome speech (c) Selecting flood-safe sites for new clinics (d) Choosing a school's sports uniform colour
38. Which action is NOT consistent with sustainable use of renewable forests? (a) Removing all trees without allowing regeneration (b) Controlling harvest rates (c) Planting replacement trees (d) Protecting sensitive watersheds
39. All are potential economic benefits of responsibly managed resources EXCEPT ________. (a) public revenue (b) industrial raw materials (c) a guarantee that pollution can never occur (d) employment
40. Which is NOT an appropriate use of a topographical map? (a) Measuring approximate ground distance (b) Locating a route (c) Identifying drainage patterns (d) Predicting an individual's examination grade from contour height

SECTION B — THEORY (30 MARKS)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO questions. Each question carries 10 marks. Show calculations or reasoning clearly where required.

Question 1
(a) Classify gold, limestone, crude oil and hydropower as mineral, fossil-energy or renewable-energy resources. (6 marks)
(b) Explain two precautions that could reduce environmental damage from extracting resources. (4 marks)

Question 2
(a) Distinguish renewable and non-renewable resources and give two correct Nigerian examples of each. (6 marks)
(b) Discuss two consequences of extracting non-renewable resources without safeguards. (4 marks)

Question 3
(a) A path measures 8.4 cm on a 1:50,000 topographical map. Calculate the ground distance in kilometres. (5 marks)
(b) Explain why closely spaced contours and widely spaced contours imply different slopes. (5 marks)

Question 4
(a) Distinguish GPS, GIS and remote sensing in relation to locating and monitoring flood-prone communities. (6 marks)
(b) Explain two checks needed before combining spatial data from different sources in a flood map. (4 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (a) a mineral resource
Question 2 – ✅ (a) Air pollution from fuel combustion
Question 3 – ✅ (d) GIS
Question 4 – ✅ (c) Assess economic benefits alongside environmental costs
Question 5 – ✅ (c) large-scale
Question 6 – ✅ (a) 3.5 km
Question 7 – ✅ (b) 140 m
Question 8 – ✅ (a) GPS
Question 9 – ✅ (d) renewable solar energy
Question 10 – ✅ (b) Storage and slowing of excess surface water
Question 11 – ✅ (c) 1:10,000
Question 12 – ✅ (a) Water
Question 13 – ✅ (d) wind, sunlight and flowing water
Question 14 – ✅ (c) tin
Question 15 – ✅ (c) 1:200,000
Question 16 – ✅ (b) Closely spaced
Question 17 – ✅ (b) spatial data
Question 18 – ✅ (d) remote sensing
Question 19 – ✅ (b) Its natural formation takes vastly longer than normal rates of use
Question 20 – ✅ (d) reduce the cost and difficulty of transporting bulky inputs
Question 21 – ✅ (d) It enables spatial relationships to be compared on a common map
Question 22 – ✅ (c) Use part of resource revenue to maintain infrastructure and restore damaged land
Question 23 – ✅ (b) Satellite imagery processed and compared using GIS
Question 24 – ✅ (a) renewable-resource
Question 25 – ✅ (c) compare the measured map distance with the scale bar
Question 26 – ✅ (a) Reclaim excavated sites and control contaminated runoff
Question 27 – ✅ (b) metallic mineral resource
Question 28 – ✅ (d) represents relief and features affecting movement
Question 29 – ✅ (b) Forests generally have denser tree cover; savannah is dominated by grasses with scattered trees
Question 30 – ✅ (b) Route A, because it has gentler slopes
Question 31 – ✅ (d) energy from a consistently replenished river flow
Question 32 – ✅ (b) declining groundwater availability
Question 33 – ✅ (a) Every closed contour represents a lake
Question 34 – ✅ (a) contours and slope pattern
Question 35 – ✅ (d) GPS alone produces a fully interpreted land-use map without analysis
Question 36 – ✅ (c) electricity from moving water
Question 37 – ✅ (c) Selecting flood-safe sites for new clinics
Question 38 – ✅ (a) Removing all trees without allowing regeneration
Question 39 – ✅ (c) a guarantee that pollution can never occur
Question 40 – ✅ (d) Predicting an individual's examination grade from contour height

Theory Marking Scheme
Question 1
(a) Gold mineral (1); limestone mineral (1); crude oil fossil non-renewable energy (2); hydropower renewable (2). (6 marks)
(b) Any two well explained ×2: waste control, water monitoring, restoration, environmental assessment. (4 marks)

Question 2
(a) Correct distinctions (2); two renewable e.g. sunshine, hydropower/wind/managed forests (2); two non-renewable oil/gas/coal/minerals (2). (6 marks)
(b) Any two with effect ×2, e.g. soil damage, water contamination, air pollution, loss of livelihoods. (4 marks)

Question 3
(a) 1 cm=0.5 km (2); 8.4×0.5 = 4.2 km (3). (5 marks)
(b) Contour height interval principle (2); close steep (1); wide gentle (1); planning relevance (1). (5 marks)

Question 4
(a) GPS location coordinates (2); GIS analysis of map layers (2); remote sensing images/observations from distance (2). (6 marks)
(b) Accurate position/coordinate alignment (2); dates/scale/reliability or consistency verified (2). (4 marks)