Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 10
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Carpentry And Joinery
Curriculum Theme: Entrepreneurship Trade Subjects
Previous Lesson: Marking Out and Abrading Hand Tools.
Topic: HAND TOOLS – Paring and Sharpening Tools
Subject Matter: Paring tools, sharpening tools, maintenance of hand tools

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define paring tools.
List examples of paring tools.
Define sharpening tools.
List examples of sharpening tools.
Explain how to maintain hand tools.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of properly maintaining hand tools.
Develop interest in the safe and effective use of paring and sharpening tools.

Psychomotor Domain:

Sketch various paring tools.
Sketch various sharpening tools.
Identify correctly sharpened edges on tools.

Participate in discussions about tool safety and maintenance practices.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Senior Secondary Schools.
State Unified Scheme of Work for Carpentry and Joinery (SSS 1).
Basic Woodwork for Senior Secondary Schools by A. J. Adeyemi.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Actual hand tools (e.g., chisels, oilstone, grinding wheel).
Charts showing different paring and sharpening tools.
Blackboard/whiteboard and markers/chalk.
Duster.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the different types of hand tools used for paring and sharpening in carpentry. Knowing how to maintain these tools properly ensures their longevity and safety, which is important for practical work and future careers in woodworking.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should have basic knowledge of common hand tools used in carpentry and their general uses.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

HAND TOOLS – Paring and Sharpening Tools

Paring Tools

Paring tools are hand tools used for removing small amounts of wood to achieve precise shapes and smooth surfaces. They are typically used for fine finishing work.

The following are common examples of paring tools:

Wood chisels (e.g., bevel-edged chisels, firmer chisels)
Gouges (curved chisels for carving)
Paring knives

Sharpening Tools

Sharpening tools are devices used to restore the cutting edge of other tools, making them sharp and effective for their intended purpose.

The following are common examples of sharpening tools:

Oilstone/Whetstone (fine-grained abrasive stone used with oil or water)
Grinding wheel (a rotating abrasive wheel used for coarse sharpening)
Honing guide (a jig used to hold tools at a consistent angle during sharpening)
Leather strop (used for final polishing of the edge)
Files (for initial shaping or sharpening of some tools)

Maintenance of Hand Tools

Proper maintenance of hand tools is essential for their longevity, safety, and effective performance.

The following are ways to maintain hand tools:

Keep tools clean and free from dirt and rust.
Oil metal parts regularly to prevent corrosion.
Store tools properly in a toolbox or rack to prevent damage.
Sharpen cutting edges regularly to ensure efficiency and safety.
Check handles and fastenings for looseness and tighten or replace as needed.
Use tools for their intended purpose only.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils, reviews the previous lesson on general hand tools, and introduces the new topic by asking pupils about the importance of sharp tools in woodworking.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to questions and listen attentively.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared for the new lesson and connect it to previous knowledge.

Step 2: Paring Tools

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what paring tools are, shows actual examples like chisels and gouges, and explains their uses in detail. The teacher writes definitions and examples on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the tools, listen to explanations, and copy notes from the board.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the definition and types of paring tools.

Step 3: Sharpening Tools

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the importance of sharpening tools, defines sharpening tools, and presents various examples such as oilstones, grinding wheels, and honing guides using actual tools or charts. The teacher writes definitions and examples on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the sharpening tools, listen to explanations, and copy notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the definition and types of sharpening tools.

Step 4: Demonstration of Sharpening

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher demonstrates the basic technique of sharpening a chisel using an oilstone and a honing guide, emphasizing safety precautions and the correct angles for sharpening. The teacher explains the difference between grinding and honing.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils carefully observe the demonstration and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils observe proper tool sharpening techniques and safety.

Step 5: Maintenance of Hand Tools

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher leads a discussion on why tool maintenance is important and explains various methods of maintaining hand tools, such as cleaning, oiling, proper storage, and regular sharpening. The teacher writes key points on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils contribute to the discussion, ask questions, and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils learn about the importance and methods of hand tool maintenance.

Step 6: Pupils’ Activity

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Practical Application
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher instructs pupils to sketch one paring tool and one sharpening tool in their notebooks, based on the tools shown and discussed.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils sketch the requested tools in their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils practice identifying and illustrating the tools discussed.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define paring tools and mention two examples.
What are sharpening tools? Give two examples.
State three ways to maintain hand tools.
Why is it important to keep hand tools sharp?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of knowing and maintaining paring and sharpening tools. The teacher assigns homework: list five safety precautions when using sharp hand tools.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and receive further tasks.

Lesson Keywords

Paring tools – Hand tools used for precise removal of small amounts of wood.
Sharpening tools – Devices used to restore the cutting edge of other tools.
Maintenance – The process of preserving tools in good working condition.
Chisel – A common paring tool with a sharp, bevelled edge.
Oilstone – A fine-grained abrasive stone used with oil for sharpening tools.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher will encourage them to research different types of grinding wheels and their applications. For pupils needing additional support, the teacher will provide simplified diagrams of the tools and offer one-on-one guidance during the sketching activity.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that actual tools are available for demonstration and observation. Emphasize safety procedures throughout the lesson, especially during the demonstration of sharpening. Encourage pupils to ask questions and relate the lesson to real-world carpentry practices.