Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 4
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Animal Husbandry
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Semi-Intensive Management System: Advantages and Disadvantages.
Topic: Extensive Management System
Subject Matter: Advantages of extensive management, Disadvantages of extensive management

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define extensive management system.
State at least three advantages of extensive management.
List at least three disadvantages of extensive management.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of choosing appropriate farm management systems.
Show interest in understanding different animal husbandry practices.

Psychomotor Domain:

Identify visual representations of extensive farming systems from charts or images.

Participate in discussions about the pros and cons of extensive management.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Essential Animal Husbandry for Senior Secondary Schools
https://www.agriceducation.com/extensive-system-of-livestock-management/
https://www.nigerianfinder.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-extensive-farming/

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Charts showing different animal management systems.
Images or pictures of farms practicing extensive management.
Whiteboard and markers/chalk.

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding extensive management systems helps pupils to know how livestock can be reared with minimal human intervention. This knowledge is important for appreciating different farming methods and their suitability for various conditions, especially in agricultural settings in Nigeria.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should have some basic understanding of animal farming and different types of animal management systems.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Extensive Management System

Definition of Extensive Management System

Extensive management system is a method of animal rearing where animals are kept over large areas of land, often grazing freely, with minimal housing, feeding, and human supervision. It usually involves low capital investment per animal.

Advantages of Extensive Management System

The following are the advantages of extensive management system:

Low initial capital investment is required for housing and equipment.
Reduced labour costs due to minimal supervision and feeding.
Animals have more freedom to move, which promotes natural behaviour and reduces stress.
Lower risk of disease spread due to sparse population density.
Utilizes natural pastures and forage, reducing the need for purchased feed.

Disadvantages of Extensive Management System

The following are the disadvantages of extensive management system:

Large land area is required, which may not always be available.
Slow growth rate and lower productivity per animal compared to intensive systems.
Difficulty in monitoring individual animals for health, reproduction, or specific needs.
Higher risk of predation and theft due to scattered animals.
Animals are exposed to harsh weather conditions and natural disasters.
Inefficient use of feed and land resources compared to more controlled systems.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to recall the previous lesson on types of animal management systems. The teacher then introduces the topic “Extensive Management System” and its importance in animal husbandry.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to questions about the previous lesson and listen attentively to the introduction.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared for the new lesson and link it to previous knowledge.

Step 2: Explanation of Extensive Management System

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines extensive management system, explaining its key characteristics such as large land area, minimal human intervention, and reliance on natural forage. The teacher uses charts and images to illustrate examples of extensive farms.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, observe the instructional materials, and ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the definition and basic features of extensive management.

Step 3: Discussion on Advantages of Extensive Management

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides a discussion on the advantages of extensive management, prompting pupils to think about the benefits of this system, especially regarding costs and animal welfare. The teacher lists points on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils contribute to the discussion by stating perceived advantages and taking notes.
Learning Point: Pupils identify and understand the benefits of extensive management.

Step 4: Discussion on Disadvantages of Extensive Management

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Critical Thinking
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher leads a discussion on the disadvantages of extensive management, encouraging pupils to consider the challenges and drawbacks. The teacher lists these points on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils actively participate in the discussion, sharing potential problems, and writing down the points.
Learning Point: Pupils identify and understand the drawbacks of extensive management.

Step 5: Summary on Board

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher reviews the key definitions, advantages, and disadvantages of extensive management system written on the board, ensuring all pupils have accurate notes.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils review their notes and make any necessary corrections or additions.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their understanding and have a complete summary of the lesson.

Step 6: Class Discussion/Q&A

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Question and Answer
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher opens the floor for any final questions or points of confusion from the pupils.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils ask questions or offer additional insights.
Learning Point: Any lingering doubts are addressed, and understanding is reinforced.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define extensive management system.
State three advantages of extensive management.
Mention three disadvantages of extensive management.
Why is extensive management suitable for large land areas?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 1 minute
Teaching Skill: Recap
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher commends the pupils for their participation and reminds them that understanding different management systems is important for successful animal production. The teacher assigns homework.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and copy down the homework.
Learning Point: The lesson is brought to a formal close, and pupils are given follow-up tasks.

Lesson Keywords

Extensive management – A farming system where animals are kept over large areas with minimal human intervention.
Grazing – The act of animals feeding on grass or other vegetation in a pasture.
Pasture – Land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals.
Low capital – Requiring minimal financial investment.
Low labour – Requiring minimal human effort or supervision.
Predation – The act of an animal hunting and killing another for food.

Differentiation

For pupils who may struggle, the teacher will provide simplified notes and encourage peer tutoring. Advanced pupils will be challenged to research and present case studies of extensive animal farms in their local community or within Nigeria, highlighting specific animals managed and the outcomes.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should ensure to use relevant visual aids, such as pictures or videos of local farms practicing extensive management, to enhance pupils’ understanding. Encourage pupils to share any personal experiences they might have with this farming system. Emphasize the economic and environmental factors that influence the choice of extensive management.