Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 8
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Upholstery
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Safety Rules And Regulation And Precautions: Carrying, Storing and Using Hand Tools Safely.
Topic: BASIC UPHOLSTERY SAFETY
Subject Matter: Sources of hazards, Sharp tools hazards, Fabric and stuffing particles hazards, Inflammable materials hazards, Reducing effects of hazardous materials, Safe use of hazardous tools and materials

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Explain possible sources of hazards in upholstery.
List precautions to reduce the effects of hazardous tools and materials.
Identify inflammable materials used in upholstery.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of safety measures in an upholstery workshop.
Develop a cautious attitude towards hazardous tools and materials.

Psychomotor Domain:

Practice safe handling steps for upholstery tools and materials.
Demonstrate the safe use of hazardous tools and materials.

Promote a safe working environment among peers.
Encourage adherence to safety rules in the workshop.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum (Senior Secondary Education, Trade Subjects)
State Unified Scheme of Work for Upholstery (SS1)
Basic Upholstery for Senior Secondary Schools by A. O. Okoro

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Dust mask
Fire extinguisher
Staple gun (unloaded)
Fabric stuffing samples
Pictures or charts showing various hazards and safety equipment

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson is important because it helps pupils understand the dangers associated with upholstery work. Knowing about hazards and how to prevent them can protect pupils from injuries and ensure a safe working environment for everyone.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have basic knowledge of some common upholstery tools and materials.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

BASIC UPHOLSTERY SAFETY

Sources of Hazards in Upholstery

A hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm or injury. In upholstery, hazards can come from various sources.

The following are common sources of hazards in upholstery:

Sharp tools
Dust and particles from fabrics and stuffing
Inflammable chemicals and adhesives
Electrical equipment
Heavy objects
Poor ventilation

Sharp Tools Hazards

Sharp tools are commonly used in upholstery and can cause cuts, punctures, or other injuries if not handled properly.

Examples of sharp tools include:

Scissors
Knives
Staple guns
Needles
Awls

To reduce sharp tool hazards, pupils should:

Always keep sharp tools pointed away from the body.
Use tools with sharp blades carefully and ensure they are covered when not in use.
Never leave sharp tools lying around carelessly.
Pass sharp tools handle-first to another person.
Wear appropriate gloves when necessary.

Fabric and Stuffing Particles Hazards

Working with fabrics and stuffing materials can release small particles and dust into the air, which can be inhaled and cause respiratory problems or skin irritation.

Materials that can produce particles include:

Foam
Cotton wadding
Feathers
Dust from old fabrics

To reduce fabric and stuffing particles hazards, pupils should:

Wear dust masks, especially when working with dusty materials.
Work in well-ventilated areas.
Regularly clean the workspace to remove accumulated dust.

Inflammable Materials Hazards

Some materials used in upholstery, such as adhesives, solvents, and certain fabrics, are highly inflammable and can easily catch fire.

Examples of inflammable materials include:

Contact adhesives
Spray glues
Thinners and solvents
Certain synthetic fabrics

To reduce inflammable materials hazards, pupils should:

Store inflammable materials in clearly labeled, sealed containers away from heat sources.
Ensure adequate ventilation when using these materials.
Keep fire extinguishers readily available and know how to use them.
Avoid open flames, sparks, or smoking in the workshop.

Reducing Effects of Hazardous Materials

General measures can be taken to reduce the overall effects of hazardous materials.

Ways to reduce the effects of hazardous materials include:

Using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as safety glasses, gloves, and dust masks.
Ensuring good ventilation in the workshop.
Maintaining a clean and organized workspace.
Reading and following safety instructions on product labels.
Knowing the location and proper use of first aid kits and fire extinguishers.

Safe Use of Hazardous Tools and Materials

Following specific steps helps ensure the safe use of all tools and materials.

The following are steps for safe use:

Always use the correct tool for the job.
Inspect tools for damage before use and report any faulty tools.
Follow manufacturer’s instructions for all tools and materials.
Never rush or be distracted when working with hazardous items.
Dispose of waste materials properly according to safety guidelines.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them to mention some tools and materials they know are used in upholstery. The teacher then asks if these tools and materials can be dangerous.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils mention tools and materials like scissors, staple guns, fabrics, foam. They discuss potential dangers.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the concept of hazards in upholstery work.

Step 2: Explanation of Sources of Hazards

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Lecture
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what a hazard is and lists various sources of hazards in upholstery, such as sharp tools, dust, and inflammable materials. The teacher writes these points on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and copy notes from the board. They ask questions for clarification.
Learning Point: Pupils understand what hazards are and where they come from in an upholstery workshop.

Step 3: Discussion on Sharp Tools Hazards

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays a staple gun and scissors. The teacher explains the specific dangers of sharp tools and demonstrates safe handling practices, such as how to hold and pass them.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration and discuss the importance of careful handling of sharp tools.
Learning Point: Pupils learn about the risks associated with sharp tools and how to handle them safely.

Step 4: Discussion on Fabric and Stuffing Particles Hazards

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Visual Aids
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher shows samples of fabric stuffing and explains how particles and dust can affect health. The teacher demonstrates the use of a dust mask.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the samples and the dust mask, understanding the need for protection against dust.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the hazards of dust and particles and the importance of wearing protective gear.

Step 5: Discussion on Inflammable Materials Hazards

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what inflammable materials are and gives examples of those used in upholstery. The teacher discusses the dangers of fire and shows a fire extinguisher, explaining its purpose.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify inflammable materials and discuss fire safety precautions.
Learning Point: Pupils learn about fire hazards and the importance of fire safety measures.

Step 6: Reducing Effects and Safe Use of Hazardous Materials

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Lecture/Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes general ways to reduce the effects of all hazardous materials, emphasizing the importance of PPE, ventilation, and good housekeeping. The teacher also outlines general steps for safe use of tools and materials.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils note down the general safety measures and participate in a brief discussion on their importance.
Learning Point: Pupils learn comprehensive strategies for reducing hazards and ensuring safe work practices.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define a hazard.
List four sources of hazards in upholstery.
Mention three precautions to take when using sharp tools.
State two ways to reduce the effects of fabric and stuffing particles.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 1 minute
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of safety in the upholstery workshop for preventing accidents and injuries.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and reflect on the lesson.
Learning Point: Pupils reinforce their understanding of basic upholstery safety.

Lesson Keywords

Hazard – Anything that has the potential to cause harm or injury.
Inflammable – Easily set on fire.
Precaution – A measure taken in advance to prevent something dangerous, unpleasant, or inconvenient from happening.
PPE – Personal Protective Equipment, items worn to minimize exposure to hazards.
Ventilation – The provision of fresh air to a room or building.

Differentiation

The teacher will provide additional support to pupils who are struggling by simplifying explanations and offering more practical examples, while advanced pupils will be encouraged to research and present on specific safety regulations.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should adapt this lesson plan to suit the specific needs and context of their pupils and available resources.