Class: Junior Secondary School 3 (JSS3, JSS 3)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 1
Age: 14 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Mathematics
Curriculum Theme: Mathematics
Previous Lesson:
Topic: Binary Numbers (part 1)
Subject Matter: Addition and subtraction of binary numbers, Multiplication and division of binary numbers

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Add and subtract binary numbers correctly.
(b) Multiply and divide binary numbers accurately.
(c) Solve simple quantitative reasoning problems involving binary operations.
Affective Domain:
(a) Show interest and enthusiasm in performing binary number operations.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Demonstrate skills in calculating binary numbers using examples and exercises.
Social Domain:
(a) Work cooperatively with peers to solve binary operation problems in groups.

Reference Materials

The following resources was used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of Work for Junior Secondary Schools
Math Is Fun – “Binary Numbers and Arithmetic” (https://www.mathsisfun.com/binary-number-system.html)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Chart showing binary digits (0 and 1)
Whiteboard and marker
Flash cards of binary examples
Projector or slide of worked examples
Worksheets for practice exercises

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson enables students to understand how to perform basic arithmetic operations in binary form, which is the foundation of computer operations and digital systems.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils already know how to convert numbers between base 10 and base 2, and can perform simple arithmetic operations in base 10.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Binary Numbers

Binary numbers are numbers expressed in base two (2), using only two digits: 0 and 1. These numbers are used by computers and digital systems to process data.

Addition of Binary Numbers

Addition in binary follows simple rules similar to base ten but limited to digits 0 and 1.

The following are the rules of binary addition:

0 + 0 = 0
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 0 = 1
1 + 1 = 10 (which means 0 with a carry of 1)

Examples:
(a) 1011 + 110 =

   1011  
+   0110  
= 10001

(b) 1101 + 111 =

   1101  
+  0111  
= 10100

Subtraction of Binary Numbers

Binary subtraction uses simple rules similar to decimal subtraction but applies borrowing in base two.

The following are the rules of binary subtraction:

0 − 0 = 0
1 − 0 = 1
1 − 1 = 0
0 − 1 = 1 (borrow 1 from the next higher bit)

Examples:
(a) 1011 − 100 =

   1011  
−  0100  
=   0111

(b) 1100 − 101 =

   1100  
−  0101  
=   0111

Multiplication of Binary Numbers

Binary multiplication is simpler because it only involves multiplying by 0 or 1.

The following are the rules of binary multiplication:

0 × 0 = 0
0 × 1 = 0
1 × 0 = 0
1 × 1 = 1

Example:
Multiply 101 by 11

     101  
×     11  
------------
     101  
+   1010  
------------
   1111

Division of Binary Numbers

Binary division follows the same process as long division in base ten, using subtraction and shifting.

Example:
Divide 11010 by 10

10 )11010  
    -10  
     10  
    -10  
      10  
    -10  
      0  
Quotient = 1101

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Lecture, Discussion, Demonstration, Explanation, Question and Answer, Group Work, Drill and Practice

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher revises the previous lesson on number base conversion and asks pupils how computers store numbers.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond by mentioning binary digits 0 and 1.
Learning Point: Pupils are reminded that computers use binary numbers to process information.

Step 2: Binary Addition and Subtraction

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains and demonstrates binary addition and subtraction using examples on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and solve guided examples.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how to perform addition and subtraction of binary numbers.

Step 3: Multiplication and Division of Binary Numbers

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher shows the process of multiplying and dividing binary numbers using worked examples.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils practice similar problems in pairs.
Learning Point: Pupils can multiply and divide binary numbers accurately.

Step 4: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher writes the board summary for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils write the notes neatly in their exercise books.
Learning Point: Pupils retain key points from the lesson.

Step 5: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

State the rules of binary addition and subtraction.
Multiply 101 by 11 in binary.
Divide 11010 by 10 in binary.
Solve 1010 − 110 in binary.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and on the board.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of binary operations.

Step 6: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the key concepts and encourages students to practice more binary problems at home.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions where necessary.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate the importance of binary arithmetic.

Lesson Keywords

Binary – number system with base 2 using 0 and 1
Addition – combining two binary numbers
Subtraction – taking one binary number from another
Multiplication – repeated addition in binary form
Division – sharing or separating binary numbers into equal parts

Differentiation

Provide extra examples for slower learners and peer support groups; give challenging binary reasoning problems to advanced learners for enrichment.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Use visual aids and ensure pupils understand each step before moving to the next. Encourage active participation through group problem-solving.