Lesson Note on Tourism: Meaning, Forms, Benefits and Tourist Centres in Nigeria for SS 2

Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2 / SSS 2)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 8
Age: 16 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Commerce
Curriculum Theme: Economic Activities
Previous Lesson: Advertising: Merits, Demerits and Consumer Protection.
Topic: TOURISM
Subject Matter: Meaning and definition of tourism and tourist (travel for leisure, business or other purposes), forms of tourism, advantages of tourism, disadvantages of tourism, tourist centres in Nigeria (Obudu cattle ranch, parks, zoos)

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

• Define tourism and a tourist.
• Identify and explain various forms of tourism.
• State at least three advantages of tourism.
• State at least three disadvantages of tourism.
• List some prominent tourist centres in Nigeria.

Affective Domain:

• Appreciate the economic and social importance of tourism in Nigeria.
• Develop an interest in promoting local tourism.

Psychomotor Domain:

• Locate specific tourist centres on a map of Nigeria.
• Describe the unique attractions of at least two Nigerian tourist centres.

Social Domain:

• Discuss the role of tourism in fostering cultural exchange and community development.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• Senior Secondary Schools Education Curriculum
• State Unified Scheme of Work
• Anyanwuocha, R. A. (2018). Comprehensive Commerce for Senior Secondary Schools. A. Johnson Publishers Ltd.
• Relevant pictures, journals, and video clips on Nigerian tourist sites.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Pictures of various tourist centres.
• Journals and articles on tourism.
• Video clips showcasing tourist attractions.
• A map of Nigeria highlighting tourist locations.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the concept of tourism as an economic activity and its significance to Nigeria’s development. It enables them to identify different forms of tourism and appreciate both its benefits and challenges, fostering awareness of cultural heritage and economic opportunities.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are expected to have a basic understanding of economic activities and different forms of businesses from previous Commerce lessons.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

TOURISM

Meaning of Tourism and Tourist

Tourism refers to the activity of travelling for pleasure, business, or other purposes. It involves people visiting places outside their usual environment for a period not exceeding one consecutive year.

A Tourist is a person who travels to and stays in places outside their usual environment for more than twenty-four hours but not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, or other purposes not related to an activity remunerated from within the place visited.

Forms of Tourism

The following are common forms of tourism:

• Domestic Tourism: Travel within one’s own country.
• International Tourism: Travel across national borders.
• Eco-tourism: Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.
• Cultural Tourism: Travel to experience the art, heritage, and unique characteristics of a place.
• Religious Tourism: Travel for religious purposes, such as pilgrimages.
• Adventure Tourism: Travel involving exploration or travel to remote areas, often with physically challenging activities.
• Medical Tourism: Travel to another country for medical treatment.

Advantages of Tourism

The following are advantages of tourism:

• Generates Foreign Exchange: International tourists bring foreign currency into the country.
• Creates Employment: Provides jobs in hotels, restaurants, transportation, and tour guiding.
• Promotes Cultural Exchange: Helps people understand and appreciate different cultures.
• Develops Infrastructure: Encourages the development of roads, airports, and communication networks.
• Preserves Natural and Cultural Heritage: Funds generated can be used to maintain historical sites and natural parks.
• Boosts Local Businesses: Tourists spend money on local goods and services.

Disadvantages of Tourism

The following are disadvantages of tourism:

• Environmental Degradation: Over-tourism can lead to pollution and damage to natural habitats.
• Cultural Erosion: Local cultures may be diluted or commercialized to cater to tourists.
• Inflation: Increased demand from tourists can drive up prices of goods and services for locals.
• Social Issues: Can lead to an increase in crime rates or social friction.
• Economic Leakage: A significant portion of tourist revenue may leave the host country if facilities are foreign-owned.
• Dependence on Tourism: Over-reliance on tourism can make an economy vulnerable to external shocks (e.g., pandemics, political instability).

Tourist Centres in Nigeria

Nigeria is rich in diverse tourist attractions. Some notable centres include:

• Obudu Mountain Resort (formerly Obudu Cattle Ranch): Located in Cross River State, known for its cable car, canopy walkway, and mountain views.
• Yankari National Park: In Bauchi State, famous for its wildlife, including elephants, lions, and various bird species, and its Wikki Warm Spring.
• Erin-Ijesha Waterfalls: A multi-level waterfall in Osun State.
• Lekki Conservation Centre: In Lagos State, offering a canopy walk and wildlife viewing.
• Olumo Rock: An ancient sacred rock in Abeokuta, Ogun State, with historical significance.
• Calabar Carnival: An annual festival in Cross River State, known for its vibrant parades and cultural displays.
• Kamuku National Park: In Kaduna State, home to various animal species.
• Sukur Cultural Landscape: A UNESCO World Heritage site in Adamawa State.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils, reviews the previous lesson on Advertising: Merits, Demerits and Consumer Protection, and then asks pupils about places they have visited for fun or relaxation, linking it to the concept of travel.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and share their experiences.
Learning Point: Pupils recall prior knowledge and are introduced to the topic of tourism.

Step 2: Meaning of Tourism and Tourist

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of tourism and defines a tourist, using examples of different types of travel (leisure, business). The teacher writes the definitions on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, ask questions for clarification, and copy the definitions into their notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the core concepts of tourism and tourist.

Step 3: Forms of Tourism

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Elucidation/Categorization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher discusses various forms of tourism such as domestic, international, eco-tourism, cultural tourism, and religious tourism, providing examples for each.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify and list different forms of tourism as discussed by the teacher.
Learning Point: Pupils can differentiate between various forms of tourism.

Step 4: Advantages of Tourism

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion/Brainstorming
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher leads a discussion on the economic and social benefits of tourism, highlighting job creation, foreign exchange generation, and cultural promotion. The teacher lists these on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils actively participate, suggesting advantages and noting them down.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the positive impacts of tourism.

Step 5: Disadvantages of Tourism

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Analysis/Critical Thinking
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the potential negative impacts of tourism, such as environmental degradation, cultural erosion, and inflation, encouraging critical thinking.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils contribute to the discussion by stating disadvantages and noting them in their books.
Learning Point: Pupils recognize the challenges and drawbacks associated with tourism.

Step 6: Tourist Centres in Nigeria

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Visual Aids/Identification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher displays pictures and video clips of prominent tourist centres in Nigeria like Obudu Mountain Resort, Yankari National Park, and Olumo Rock, discussing their unique attractions and economic value. The teacher points them out on a map.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the pictures/videos, identify the centres, and describe their attractions.
Learning Point: Pupils become familiar with key tourist destinations in Nigeria.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. Define tourism and a tourist.
2. Mention three forms of tourism.
3. State two advantages of tourism to Nigeria.
4. Identify two disadvantages of tourism.
5. Name two tourist centres in Nigeria.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 1 minute
Teaching Skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher briefly summarizes the key points of the lesson, reinforcing the importance of tourism to Nigeria’s economy and culture. The teacher assigns homework: “List five ways the Nigerian government can improve tourism in the country.”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the homework.
Learning Point: The lesson is concluded with a recap and an assignment for further reflection.

Lesson Keywords

• Tourism – The activity of travelling for pleasure, business, or other purposes.
• Tourist – A person who travels outside their usual environment for a limited period, for non-remunerative purposes.
• Domestic Tourism – Travel within one’s own country.
• International Tourism – Travel across national borders.
• Eco-tourism – Responsible travel to natural areas.
• Foreign Exchange – Currency of other countries.

Differentiation

For learners who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can encourage them to research and present on a specific tourist centre not discussed in class. For those needing more support, the teacher will provide simplified notes and extra visual aids, and pair them with stronger pupils for collaborative learning during discussions.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should ensure they have adequate visual resources (pictures, videos, maps) to make the lesson engaging and concrete. Encourage pupils to share personal travel experiences to relate the topic to their lives. Emphasize both the positive and negative aspects of tourism to provide a balanced understanding.