New Curriculum Third Term Livestock Farming examination for SS 1

Class: SS 1
Term: Third Term
Subject: Livestock Farming
Time: 2 hours
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer all questions. Each question carries 1 mark. Choose the best option (a), (b), (c) or (d).

1. The main reason for calculating the cost of an egg-collection service is ________. (a) to determine whether expected sales can cover sustainable operating expenses    (b) to guarantee all eggs will be sold immediately    (c) to remove the need to identify customers    (d) to ensure every customer pays the same price
2. Which activity produces a gain from livestock skills without directly owning animals? (a) Running a personally owned poultry breeding unit    (b) Buying personal stock to fatten and resell    (c) Operating a privately owned goat production unit    (d) Fee-based farm-record and stock-management assistance
3. Which is NOT consistent with responsible livestock marketing? (a) Keeping truthful health records    (b) Using accurate product measures    (c) Falsifying vaccination documentation    (d) Respecting customer agreements
4. ________ is a stronger opportunity than a popular idea with no buying customers. (a) An idea chosen only for prestige    (b) A service with verified demand and manageable delivery costs    (c) A product priced without calculating expenses    (d) A venture requiring unavailable skills and equipment
5. ________ is the most responsible first action when several animals show unexplained fever. (a) Sell all animals before notifying buyers    (b) Give random medicines without examination    (c) Stop recording clinical observations    (d) Separate suspected cases safely and seek veterinary advice
6. Which evidence would most improve ranking a proposed feed business? (a) A trader’s unsupported opinion without demand records    (b) The preferred handwriting used on receipts    (c) Verified local purchase frequency and supplier price quotations    (d) Unmeasured claims that everyone buys feed
7. A supplier offers cheaper expired stock but will not disclose its condition. An ethical purchaser should ________. (a) reject unsafe stock and request verifiable quality information    (b) accept it and conceal the expiry date    (c) mix it with good feed before labelling    (d) pass the risk to another farmer without disclosure
8. Which is NOT a credible benefit of responsible trading? (a) Repeat patronage built on confidence    (b) Reduced disputes over quality and quantity    (c) Stronger relationships with suppliers    (d) Freedom from every possible loss or competition
9. How can transparent record keeping help a livestock cooperative? (a) It removes the need to inspect sick animals    (b) It supports accountability, pricing decisions and dispute resolution    (c) It replaces every legal obligation    (d) It makes customer complaints irrelevant
10. A farm-feed supply idea has many potential buyers but no reliable supplier. What is its chief weakness? (a) Excessively transparent bookkeeping    (b) An established customer need    (c) A clearly defined service    (d) Uncertain continuity of inputs
11. A customer receives fewer eggs than the quantity stated on the invoice. Which response reflects desirable business conduct? (a) Blame the customer without checking    (b) Alter the invoice to match the smaller delivery    (c) Verify the order and correct the shortage promptly    (d) Refuse future sales to prevent complaints
12. All except one are sensible opportunity-ranking criteria. Identify the exception. (a) Expected demand    (b) Availability of inputs    (c) The owner’s lucky number    (d) Capital and operating risk
13. To rank two livestock opportunities fairly, use ________. (a) only the size of the owners’ social-media accounts    (b) consistent criteria for demand, costs, skills and risks    (c) different assumptions designed to favour one choice    (d) personal friendships in place of market evidence
14. Which of the following is NOT adequate evidence of a healthy livestock herd? (a) Normal feeding behaviour across the herd    (b) One animal’s bright coat while several others have fever    (c) Stable productivity records    (d) Absence of unusual mortality or clinical signs
15. Business ethics matters because ________. (a) all profitable trades are automatically ethical    (b) ethical conduct removes every business risk    (c) actions affect animal welfare, customer safety and trust beyond immediate profit    (d) records are unnecessary when buyers trust a seller
16. A farmer compares mortality rates before and after a hygiene programme. What makes the comparison meaningful? (a) Different denominators and periods without adjustment    (b) Only the farm’s annual sales revenue    (c) Similar recording periods and numbers of animals at risk    (d) Raw animal counts without comparable herd sizes or periods
17. Which case is most consistent with a non-infectious livestock problem? (a) Weakness following a documented severe nutrient deficiency    (b) A diagnosed bacterial infection spreading in a pen    (c) A contagious viral outbreak confirmed by testing    (d) A fungal infection passing through shared equipment
18. Two workers disagree over who caused a feed loss. What action shows fairness? (a) Review records and hear both explanations before deciding    (b) Punish the newest worker automatically    (c) Conceal the loss from the farm owner    (d) Change written accounts after the decision
19. Which is NOT a meaningful sign of a livestock business opportunity? (a) Evidence of unmet local demand    (b) Access to required inputs and skills    (c) Potential for revenue above sustainable costs    (d) Customer demand verified only by the owner’s personal guess
20. A practical income-generating service alongside a poultry farm is ________. (a) selling untested medicines as veterinary treatment    (b) clean egg grading and packaging for nearby producers    (c) disposing poultry manure into waterways    (d) concealing broken eggs in sealed cartons
21. The correct action when a new animal joins the herd is ________. (a) follow a suitable quarantine and observation procedure    (b) mix it immediately with newborns without checks    (c) ignore its health history if it looks large    (d) stop cleaning pens while it settles
22. Which disease-prevention programme is most complete? (a) Vaccination alone regardless of disease and hygiene    (b) Vaccination where indicated, hygiene, nutrition, observation and veterinary advice    (c) Large feed stocks with no record of disease    (d) Isolation only after a disease has spread everywhere
23. Which practice is NOT desirable in an animal enterprise? (a) Protecting confidential customer details    (b) Using false weights to increase short-term margin    (c) Providing accurate product descriptions    (d) Honouring payment and delivery terms
24. A proposed livestock enterprise should first investigate ________. (a) the estimated profit without confirming customer demand    (b) whether all competitors can be ignored    (c) how many slogans fit on its signboard    (d) who will buy its product and at what viable cost
25. A farm manager knows a batch is sick but describes it as disease-free to secure sales. The ethical violation is ________. (a) normal seasonal price negotiation    (b) legitimate product differentiation    (c) deliberate misrepresentation that endangers customers and trust    (d) transparent risk disclosure
26. Which decision best shows ethical balance in livestock trade? (a) Disclose known product defects and provide accurate weights    (b) Hide treatment records from buyers while claiming certification    (c) Alter weighing scales to offset transport costs    (d) Sell sick animals as inspected without evidence
27. Which of these is NOT an acceptable disease-control practice? (a) Separating suspect cases    (b) Cleaning contaminated equipment    (c) Sharing used needles between animals    (d) Seeking professional diagnosis
28. A cooperative discovers a payment error in its favour. Its best long-term response is ________. (a) keep the money because the error was not deliberate    (b) destroy the receipt to avoid confusion    (c) increase all future prices secretly    (d) inform the customer and correct the account
29. A start-up has estimated monthly sales ₦180,000 and costs ₦145,000. Which conclusion is sound? (a) Guaranteed ₦180,000 net profit    (b) A loss of ₦145,000 irrespective of sales    (c) No need for disease or demand planning    (d) Projected ₦35,000 surplus, subject to real operating risks
30. The ________ applied to a newly purchased herd animal is meant to reduce the risk of introducing infectious disease. (a) quarantine and observation procedure    (b) routine sale without inspection    (c) immediate mixing with newborns    (d) unverified medicine dosing
31. A farmer isolates a sick animal but signs do not spread. Why is diagnosis still necessary? (a) All isolated illness is automatically non-infectious    (b) Isolation identifies the exact organism    (c) Similar symptoms may arise from different causes that need different responses    (d) A quiet pen confirms there is no disease
32. A farm’s aim in disease management is better expressed as ________. (a) prevention, early detection and appropriate treatment to limit losses    (b) medication of every animal without diagnosis    (c) replacement of hygiene with advertisements    (d) permanent elimination of all biological risk
33. Project A forecasts ₦40,000 surplus with high disease exposure; B forecasts ₦35,000 with manageable risk and reliable buyers. Which choice has the stronger risk-aware case? (a) A, because highest projected income always dominates    (b) Neither, because expected returns cannot be compared    (c) B, if the lower risk is supported by evidence    (d) Both are certain to earn exactly their forecast
34. A seller has ₦90,000 revenue and ₦74,000 attributable costs. The indicated surplus is ________. (a) ₦74,000    (b) ₦90,000    (c) ₦164,000    (d) ₦16,000
35. Which is NOT a feature of a viable livestock enterprise? (a) Access to appropriate skills    (b) Reasonable expected demand    (c) Manageable operating risks    (d) Guaranteed profit regardless of disease or market conditions
36. A small farm wants to add manure sales to its operation. This is an example of ________. (a) eliminating every production cost    (b) creating a related value-added revenue stream    (c) changing animal species by marketing    (d) a disease-prevention vaccine
37. All are infectious disease-agent categories except ________. (a) bacteria    (b) dietary mineral shortage    (c) viruses    (d) fungi
38. A village produces many eggs but lacks a local collection point. Which opportunity directly solves the market gap? (a) Egg aggregation, grading and distribution service    (b) A second unplanned egg farm without buyers    (c) An additional egg farm without a collection or distribution arrangement    (d) A breeding programme unrelated to sales
39. Two illnesses have similar symptoms but one is viral and one results from a mineral deficiency. The key distinction is ________. (a) adult versus young farm animals    (b) infectious versus non-infectious causation    (c) roughage versus concentrate feed    (d) male versus female livestock
40. The correct step after discovering an incorrect invoice is ________. (a) to investigate, correct and communicate the transaction    (b) to destroy the original receipt    (c) to retain excess payment without disclosure    (d) to blame the customer automatically

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO questions. Each answered question carries 10 marks. Show your working where applicable.

Question 1 (10 marks). A livestock farm reports coughing in several animals and sudden reduced feed intake. (a) Explain FIVE steps in its safe initial disease-management response. (5 marks) (b) Classify FIVE example causes or disease types into infectious or non-infectious groups, stating each group correctly. (5 marks)

Question 2 (10 marks). A cooperative is considering an egg-grading service and feed delivery service. (a) Explain FIVE criteria for identifying a viable livestock-business opportunity. (5 marks) (b) Propose FIVE gainful livestock-related services or by-product activities and identify their likely buyers. (5 marks)

Question 3 (10 marks). An egg trader buys 20 crates for ₦5,500 each and sells them at ₦6,300 each; other costs total ₦6,000. (a) Calculate purchase cost, sales, gross surplus, other costs and net surplus. (5 marks) (b) Explain FIVE factors besides forecast profit that should influence ranking this business against a competing farm enterprise. (5 marks)

Question 4 (10 marks). A supplier asks a poultry business to hide known product defects to meet a sales target. (a) Explain FIVE ethical reasons why the request should be rejected. (5 marks) (b) State FIVE practices through which honest livestock businesses can build confidence and reduce disputes. (5 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (a) to determine whether expected sales can cover sustainable operating expenses
Question 2 – ✅ (d) Fee-based farm-record and stock-management assistance
Question 3 – ✅ (c) Falsifying vaccination documentation
Question 4 – ✅ (b) A service with verified demand and manageable delivery costs
Question 5 – ✅ (d) Separate suspected cases safely and seek veterinary advice
Question 6 – ✅ (c) Verified local purchase frequency and supplier price quotations
Question 7 – ✅ (a) reject unsafe stock and request verifiable quality information
Question 8 – ✅ (d) Freedom from every possible loss or competition
Question 9 – ✅ (b) It supports accountability, pricing decisions and dispute resolution
Question 10 – ✅ (d) Uncertain continuity of inputs
Question 11 – ✅ (c) Verify the order and correct the shortage promptly
Question 12 – ✅ (c) The owner’s lucky number
Question 13 – ✅ (b) consistent criteria for demand, costs, skills and risks
Question 14 – ✅ (b) One animal’s bright coat while several others have fever
Question 15 – ✅ (c) actions affect animal welfare, customer safety and trust beyond immediate profit
Question 16 – ✅ (c) Similar recording periods and numbers of animals at risk
Question 17 – ✅ (a) Weakness following a documented severe nutrient deficiency
Question 18 – ✅ (a) Review records and hear both explanations before deciding
Question 19 – ✅ (d) Customer demand verified only by the owner’s personal guess
Question 20 – ✅ (b) clean egg grading and packaging for nearby producers
Question 21 – ✅ (a) follow a suitable quarantine and observation procedure
Question 22 – ✅ (b) Vaccination where indicated, hygiene, nutrition, observation and veterinary advice
Question 23 – ✅ (b) Using false weights to increase short-term margin
Question 24 – ✅ (d) who will buy its product and at what viable cost
Question 25 – ✅ (c) deliberate misrepresentation that endangers customers and trust
Question 26 – ✅ (a) Disclose known product defects and provide accurate weights
Question 27 – ✅ (c) Sharing used needles between animals
Question 28 – ✅ (d) inform the customer and correct the account
Question 29 – ✅ (d) Projected ₦35,000 surplus, subject to real operating risks
Question 30 – ✅ (a) quarantine and observation procedure
Question 31 – ✅ (c) Similar symptoms may arise from different causes that need different responses
Question 32 – ✅ (a) prevention, early detection and appropriate treatment to limit losses
Question 33 – ✅ (c) B, if the lower risk is supported by evidence
Question 34 – ✅ (d) ₦16,000
Question 35 – ✅ (d) Guaranteed profit regardless of disease or market conditions
Question 36 – ✅ (b) creating a related value-added revenue stream
Question 37 – ✅ (b) dietary mineral shortage
Question 38 – ✅ (a) Egg aggregation, grading and distribution service
Question 39 – ✅ (b) infectious versus non-infectious causation
Question 40 – ✅ (a) to investigate, correct and communicate the transaction

Theory Marking Scheme
Question 1 (10 marks)
(a) Observe, isolate, PPE/hygiene, record, seek veterinary care, trace exposure; any five 1 each
(b) Bacterial infectious, viral infectious, fungal infectious, nutrient deficiency non-infectious, injury non-infectious (or other valid examples), 1 each

Question 2 (10 marks)
(a) Demand, cost, capital, inputs, skills, risk, location; any five with explanation 1 each
(b) Egg aggregation/buyers; feed delivery/farmers; manure/vegetable farms; records/cooperatives; transport/farms; hygienic packaging/retailers; any five linked 1 each

Question 3 (10 marks)
(a) ₦110,000, ₦126,000, ₦16,000, ₦6,000, ₦10,000; 1 each
(b) Risk, demand, stable supply, skill, animal welfare, capital, ethical compliance and record quality; any five 1 each

Question 4 (10 marks)
(a) Honesty, safety, law, trust, welfare, informed choice; any five explained 1 each
(b) Accurate weighing, true records, disclosure, complaint resolution, fair payments, hygiene, reliable service; any five 1 each