New Curriculum Third Term Horticulture and Crop Production examination for JSS 1

Class: JSS 1
Term: Third Term
Subject: Horticulture and Crop Production
Time: 2 hours
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer all questions. Each question carries 1 mark.

1. An entrepreneur is someone who ________. (a) only buys goods for private use    (b) only receives wages from a public employer    (c) avoids taking any business decisions    (d) organises resources to start and run a venture
2. Money is commonly used as a ________. (a) measure of temperature    (b) method of germination    (c) medium of exchange    (d) tool for electrical insulation
3. Bookkeeping involves ________. (a) guessing total sales at the end of the year    (b) systematic recording of business transactions    (c) changing prices without customers’ knowledge    (d) storing tools without labels
4. The first sensible step in starting a horticulture and crop production enterprise is to ________. (a) purchase expensive equipment without research    (b) identify a need and prepare a practical business plan    (c) hire workers before deciding what to sell    (d) borrow money without calculating costs
5. Marketing includes activities used to ________. (a) identify customers and promote appropriate products or services    (b) record only staff attendance    (c) replace product quality with advertising    (d) avoid calculating prices
6. Which quality is especially useful to a new horticulture and crop production entrepreneur? (a) Refusal to plan    (b) Careless record keeping    (c) Ignoring customers    (d) Initiative and sound judgement
7. Keeping part of one’s income for future needs is called ________. (a) bartering    (b) advertising    (c) saving    (d) borrowing
8. A record of goods received and sold is a ________. (a) customer attendance sheet    (b) marketing poster    (c) stock register    (d) maintenance checklist
9. Which factor is most important when selecting a business location? (a) The owner’s favourite street name    (b) Access to suitable customers and required facilities    (c) The length of the road sign    (d) The colour of neighbouring roofs
10. Which activity is an example of promotion? (a) Advertising crop seedlings and produce to prospective customers    (b) Recording a private stock count    (c) Repairing an internal storage shelf    (d) Completing a cashbook entry
11. Which behaviour best supports an entrepreneur’s reputation? (a) Changing agreed prices after work    (b) Hiding defects deliberately    (c) Ignoring reasonable complaints    (d) Honest dealing with customers
12. An advantage of saving business income is that it ________. (a) eliminates the cost of all materials    (b) guarantees sales during every season    (c) prevents all equipment damage    (d) provides funds for later costs and emergencies
13. An invoice mainly states ________. (a) only the owner’s favourite colours    (b) the tool storage locations    (c) goods or services supplied and the amount due    (d) instructions for waste disposal
14. Which purchase is a start-up equipment cost? (a) Receiving customer payment    (b) Acquiring nursery tools and growing supplies    (c) Collecting sales income    (d) Refunding a deposit
15. Good packaging can help to ________. (a) protect and present a product    (b) remove all production costs    (c) guarantee no customer complaints    (d) replace a business licence
16. A suitable response to a small business problem is to ________. (a) identify its cause and compare practical solutions    (b) discard all business records    (c) stop listening to customer feedback    (d) guess without examining the problem
17. The amount received from selling goods or services is called ________. (a) operating loss    (b) loan repayment    (c) stock shortage    (d) sales revenue
18. Which is a business expense? (a) Money received from customers    (b) Owner’s recorded sales revenue    (c) Payment for nursery tools and growing supplies    (d) A supplier’s discount received
19. A feasibility study mainly checks ________. (a) how to skip all safety practices    (b) whether the proposed business is likely to be practical    (c) whether customers can be ignored    (d) how to avoid keeping records
20. Which marketing practice is unethical? (a) Describing the actual product clearly    (b) Making claims known to be false    (c) Displaying an honest price    (d) Giving accurate service information
21. A person who starts a horticulture and crop production enterprise is most directly engaging in ________. (a) entrepreneurship    (b) private consumption only    (c) compulsory government service    (d) unpaid examination practice
22. When total business expenses exceed revenue, the business records a ________. (a) profit    (b) surplus    (c) discount    (d) loss
23. If revenue is ₦20,000 and expenses are ₦14,000, the profit is ________. (a) ₦14,000    (b) ₦20,000    (c) ₦6,000    (d) ₦34,000
24. A business owner should estimate regular expenses such as ________. (a) customer compliments    (b) finished products already sold    (c) rent and utility bills    (d) available credit sales
25. Which method can support local promotion of crop seedlings and produce? (a) A private stockroom lock    (b) A clearly written community advertisement    (c) An unpublished cashbook entry    (d) An internal safety checklist
26. A good business decision should consider ________. (a) costs, expected income and customer demand    (b) only the number of tools owned    (c) only a competitor’s shop colour    (d) only the weather on the launch day
27. Which source may provide start-up funding? (a) A blank invoice    (b) An unsigned delivery note    (c) An expired warranty card    (d) Personal savings
28. Which record is best for checking unpaid customer bills? (a) Staff attendance book    (b) Advertisement register    (c) Equipment catalogue    (d) Debtors’ record
29. Which action is safest before buying second-hand business equipment? (a) Pay before asking about faults    (b) Ignore missing accessories    (c) Inspect and test its condition    (d) Assume used equipment cannot fail
30. A distribution channel describes ________. (a) only the number of staff    (b) how products move from producer to customer    (c) only a repair tool’s colour    (d) only the owner’s signature
31. Why is practical training useful to a horticulture and crop production entrepreneur? (a) It improves the ability to deliver safe, reliable work.    (b) It removes every business risk.    (c) It guarantees customers without advertising.    (d) It makes pricing unnecessary.
32. The use of goods in exchange for other goods without money is ________. (a) barter    (b) budgeting    (c) bookkeeping    (d) invoicing
33. Why should a shop keep separate records of sales and expenses? (a) To hide transactions from the owner    (b) To avoid checking cash balances    (c) To eliminate the need for receipts    (d) To calculate the business result more accurately
34. A good reason for comparing suppliers is to ________. (a) avoid checking delivery time    (b) hide purchase costs    (c) assess price, quality and reliability    (d) eliminate stock records
35. A good product description should provide ________. (a) unverified promises of perfect performance    (b) accurate features and relevant use information    (c) only the shop owner’s nickname    (d) a deliberately misleading photograph
36. Which measure can help an entrepreneur manage competition? (a) Ignore product defects    (b) Improve quality and customer service    (c) Offer misleading information    (d) Refuse to calculate costs
37. What should a trader do before paying for supplies? (a) Compare the cost with the available budget    (b) Pay without checking the quantity    (c) Ignore the terms of sale    (d) Assume all suppliers charge equally
38. Which practice improves the reliability of business records? (a) Recording only expensive sales    (b) Destroying source documents immediately    (c) Guessing missing figures without checking    (d) Entering transactions promptly and keeping receipts
39. A safety plan for a new horticulture and crop production business should identify ________. (a) only business slogans    (b) only social media followers    (c) risks, safe procedures and suitable protective equipment    (d) only the owner’s chosen brand name
40. An entrepreneur should assess sales performance by comparing ________. (a) only logo designs    (b) only the number of online likes    (c) sales results with targets and costs    (d) only the calendar date

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO questions. Each question carries 10 marks.

1. Entrepreneurship and money
(a) Define entrepreneurship. (2 marks)
(b) State two functions of money. (4 marks)
(c) Explain two qualities of a successful entrepreneur. (4 marks)

2. Bookkeeping and start-up planning
(a) Explain start-up capital. (2 marks)
(b) List four costs to consider when establishing a horticulture and crop production business. (4 marks)
(c) Give two reasons for keeping accurate business records. (4 marks)

3. Start-up resources and business safety
(a) State three important items in a simple business plan. (6 marks)
(b) Explain two safety or quality measures relevant to crop seedlings and produce. (4 marks)

4. Marketing and customer care
(a) Define marketing. (2 marks)
(b) State two ways of promoting crop seedlings and produce. (4 marks)
(c) Explain two reasons for good customer service. (4 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (d) organises resources to start and run a venture
Question 2 – ✅ (c) medium of exchange
Question 3 – ✅ (b) systematic recording of business transactions
Question 4 – ✅ (b) identify a need and prepare a practical business plan
Question 5 – ✅ (a) identify customers and promote appropriate products or services
Question 6 – ✅ (d) Initiative and sound judgement
Question 7 – ✅ (c) saving
Question 8 – ✅ (c) stock register
Question 9 – ✅ (b) Access to suitable customers and required facilities
Question 10 – ✅ (a) Advertising crop seedlings and produce to prospective customers
Question 11 – ✅ (d) Honest dealing with customers
Question 12 – ✅ (d) provides funds for later costs and emergencies
Question 13 – ✅ (c) goods or services supplied and the amount due
Question 14 – ✅ (b) Acquiring nursery tools and growing supplies
Question 15 – ✅ (a) protect and present a product
Question 16 – ✅ (a) identify its cause and compare practical solutions
Question 17 – ✅ (d) sales revenue
Question 18 – ✅ (c) Payment for nursery tools and growing supplies
Question 19 – ✅ (b) whether the proposed business is likely to be practical
Question 20 – ✅ (b) Making claims known to be false
Question 21 – ✅ (a) entrepreneurship
Question 22 – ✅ (d) loss
Question 23 – ✅ (c) ₦6,000
Question 24 – ✅ (c) rent and utility bills
Question 25 – ✅ (b) A clearly written community advertisement
Question 26 – ✅ (a) costs, expected income and customer demand
Question 27 – ✅ (d) Personal savings
Question 28 – ✅ (d) Debtors’ record
Question 29 – ✅ (c) Inspect and test its condition
Question 30 – ✅ (b) how products move from producer to customer
Question 31 – ✅ (a) It improves the ability to deliver safe, reliable work.
Question 32 – ✅ (a) barter
Question 33 – ✅ (d) To calculate the business result more accurately
Question 34 – ✅ (c) assess price, quality and reliability
Question 35 – ✅ (b) accurate features and relevant use information
Question 36 – ✅ (b) Improve quality and customer service
Question 37 – ✅ (a) Compare the cost with the available budget
Question 38 – ✅ (d) Entering transactions promptly and keeping receipts
Question 39 – ✅ (c) risks, safe procedures and suitable protective equipment
Question 40 – ✅ (c) sales results with targets and costs

Theory Marking Scheme
Question 1: (a) Entrepreneurship is identifying an opportunity and organising resources to provide goods or services. (b) Money is a medium of exchange and unit of account/store of value. (c) Initiative, honesty, planning and sound judgement; explain any two.
Question 2: (a) Start-up capital is the initial financial/resources requirement of a business. (b) Include equipment, materials/stock, premises, utilities, training, transport and basic promotion as applicable (any four). (c) Records track transactions, reveal profit/loss, show stock levels and support decisions (any two).
Question 3: (a) Customers/market, costs, resources/equipment, product/service, location and expected revenue (any three). (b) Accept two relevant, practical risk controls and service quality checks.
Question 4: (a) Marketing means identifying and meeting customers’ needs through products, pricing, distribution and promotion. (b) Local advertising, fair price displays, community referrals or appropriate digital listings (any two). (c) Trust, repeat business, reputation and complaints resolution (any two explained).
Award credit for other correct relevant points within the taught scope; follow the stated subpart marks.