New Curriculum Third Term Citizenship and Heritage Studies examination for SS 1

Class: SSS 1
Term: Third Term
Subject: Citizenship and Heritage Studies
Time: 2 Hours 30 Minutes
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer ALL 40 questions. Each question carries 1 mark.

1. A government proposes more streetlights and reliable emergency reporting. Which approach to security does this represent? (a) Punishment without evidence    (b) A substitute for every justice institution    (c) Prevention and public cooperation alongside lawful response    (d) A guarantee that no offence can occur
2. A pupil uses ‘digital currency’ to mean every electronic bank transfer. Which distinction matters? (a) Every transfer requires physical banknotes    (b) All electronic payments are identical private tokens    (c) All digital records have no financial value    (d) Different digital-value instruments have different issuers and legal characteristics
3. Which response to rising community crime best supports long-term safety? (a) Use rumours to identify everyone associated with a suspect    (b) Combine lawful reporting, prevention and social support measures    (c) Hide offences to protect an area’s reputation    (d) Encourage residents to punish suspects without investigation
4. A savings group offers high returns but refuses to explain its operations. What is the most responsible decision? (a) Assume a large promised return means no risk    (b) Invest immediately because friends have joined    (c) Ignore written conditions    (d) Check legitimacy, terms and risks before depositing funds
5. A flood destroys a market and reduces household earnings. Which relationship is illustrated? (a) Disaster effects stop as soon as water recedes    (b) Disasters can create both immediate damage and lasting development setbacks    (c) Every flood has the same impact on every family    (d) Economic losses are always unrelated to infrastructure
6. Which workplace practice is a reasonable protection against information theft? (a) Limit sensitive access to authorised users and report suspicious requests    (b) Share accounts widely to increase speed    (c) Publish security credentials on a noticeboard    (d) Remove all access logs
7. A cashless-payment system is promoted solely as eliminating all fraud. Which criticism is strongest? (a) Digital payments create different risks that still require safeguards    (b) Electronic records cannot be checked    (c) Cash transactions never involve security risks    (d) Online systems can function without infrastructure
8. A friend reports being threatened by someone controlling their documents and movements. What is the safest response? (a) Seek trusted protection and contact appropriate safeguarding or anti-trafficking authorities    (b) Confront the suspected exploiter alone    (c) Publish the victim’s private location online    (d) Assume the situation must be kept secret
9. The main reason pensions differ from current wages is that ________. (a) pensions are always paid every school day    (b) pensions require no records    (c) wages can never be saved    (d) pensions are designed to support later-life income under specified rules
10. A coastal community reports higher flooding losses. Why should climate adaptation include social planning? (a) Migration decisions are unrelated to disasters    (b) Sea-level change affects every home identically    (c) Exposure, infrastructure and vulnerable households affect the severity of impacts    (d) Only temperature matters in flood risk
11. A customer pays ₦7,500 for goods costing ₦6,800. What balance is due? (a) ₦6,800    (b) ₦700    (c) ₦14,300    (d) ₦1,700
12. Why can regular savings improve household resilience? (a) They create a buffer for unexpected needs and planned expenses    (b) They automatically replace all income    (c) They guarantee protection against every possible loss    (d) They eliminate the need for budgeting
13. A buyer is offered an unfamiliar digital asset with guaranteed returns. The most responsible approach is to ________. (a) verify the issuer, legal status, costs and risks before committing money    (b) treat advertisements as contractual guarantees    (c) assume any digital label proves official backing    (d) share account credentials for immediate access
14. A school draws up an emergency plan. Which feature most improves preparedness? (a) Reliance on a single untested rumour    (b) Unmarked exits known only to senior staff    (c) No arrangements for learners requiring assistance    (d) Clear exit routes, roles, drills and communication procedures
15. Which prevention message about trafficking is most responsible? (a) Treat all survivors as responsible for their exploitation    (b) Dismiss coercion if a promised wage was mentioned    (c) Check suspicious offers, protect personal documents and seek safe reporting channels    (d) Trust every recruiter offering urgent travel
16. A pupil receives a request for restricted school records from an unknown account. What is the safest response? (a) Treat an official-looking logo as enough proof    (b) Send the files before checking identity    (c) Do not disclose the records; verify the request through authorised channels    (d) Post the data to ask friends whether it is genuine
17. A town experiences repeated theft followed by businesses closing early. The relationship shown is ________. (a) crime creating automatic market expansion    (b) fear reducing the need for community cooperation    (c) crime increasing insecurity and restricting economic activity    (d) security having no effect on public services
18. Why should national security be discussed together with human rights? (a) Protective measures must remain lawful and accountable to the people they serve    (b) Security permits unlimited arbitrary punishment    (c) Public trust has no role in safety    (d) Rights cease to exist during every minor concern
19. A self-employed artisan has irregular earnings. Which saving plan is generally more realistic? (a) A contract whose terms are hidden until retirement    (b) A scheme that forbids checking balances    (c) A pension product with clearly explained flexible contributions    (d) Reliance entirely on verbal promises
20. A student receives ₦8,000 weekly and spends ₦6,200. If this pattern continues for four weeks, how much is saved? (a) ₦24,800    (b) ₦7,200    (c) ₦1,800    (d) ₦32,000
21. The essential distinction between security awareness and unlawful vigilantism is that ________. (a) every rumour is proof of an offence    (b) investigation is unnecessary when fear is widespread    (c) citizens should secretly punish anyone they suspect    (d) concerns should be reported through lawful accountable procedures
22. A town repeatedly floods because drainage channels are blocked. Which disaster-management approach targets a contributing cause? (a) Wait until damage occurs before discussing risk    (b) Clear and maintain drainage while planning for heavy rainfall    (c) Assume household preparation cannot matter    (d) Build only publicity signs around blocked drains
23. A report attributes all crimes to one ethnic group without evidence. Why is this dangerous? (a) It provides an acceptable substitute for investigations    (b) It improves the reliability of official statistics    (c) It promotes stigma and can divert attention from the actual causes    (d) It removes the need for individual responsibility
24. Which measure most directly addresses one challenge of cashless transactions in rural areas? (a) Requiring everyone to share authentication codes    (b) Prohibiting merchants from issuing receipts    (c) Reliable connectivity, accessible services and user education    (d) Removing all means of transaction verification
25. A community loses access to its market after repeated attacks. How does insecurity obstruct development? (a) It ensures every business can operate normally    (b) It has no effect on public confidence    (c) It automatically increases productive working hours    (d) It disrupts trade, schooling and investment
26. A teenager is promised a scholarship but is transported and forced to work. Which element most strongly indicates trafficking? (a) The mere act of travelling to another town    (b) Recruitment or movement linked to exploitation    (c) Receiving information about legitimate schools    (d) Having a legal guardian’s permission
27. All these contribute to adapting to climate-related risks EXCEPT ________. (a) Ignoring flood warnings when locating new buildings    (b) Improving community water management    (c) Protecting soils from erosion    (d) Adjusting planting calendars to observed rainfall
28. A worker contributes regularly toward income in retirement. This most closely describes ________. (a) an immediate consumer discount    (b) pension saving for later-life support    (c) a school examination fee    (d) a daily transport allowance
29. A youth group claims only violent crime causes insecurity. What is missing from its analysis? (a) The possibility of lawful reporting    (b) The difference between evidence and rumour    (c) Threats, harassment and weak trust can also undermine safety    (d) The value of documenting patterns
30. Several years show increasing heat extremes rather than one hot afternoon. This illustrates the distinction between ________. (a) relief and population density    (b) air pressure and wind direction    (c) rainfall and river discharge    (d) climate trends and short-term weather
31. A pupil saves ₦1,500 from a ₦10,000 allowance. What percentage of the allowance is saved? (a) 150%    (b) 85%    (c) 1.5%    (d) 15%
32. In discussing non-interest finance, the key conceptual distinction is ________. (a) a guarantee that all products are free    (b) the use of financing arrangements structured without charging conventional interest    (c) the absence of contractual obligations    (d) a ban on every form of business profit
33. ________ is the principal security concern when an employee is asked to disclose confidential records without authority. (a) ordinary public-service announcements    (b) espionage and improper disclosure of sensitive information    (c) the sale of government stationery    (d) lawful public library lending
34. Which action is NOT a sound response to disaster risk? (a) Maintaining emergency contact lists    (b) Identifying vulnerable residents    (c) Using credible weather warnings    (d) Constructing homes across a known flood channel without assessment
35. The correct step after a school receives an anonymous threat is to ________. (a) publish students’ addresses online    (b) dismiss all future safety procedures    (c) organise pupils to confront the sender personally    (d) preserve evidence and notify appropriate school and security authorities
36. An agricultural community changes planting times in response to shifting rainfall. This is an example of ________. (a) adaptation to climatic conditions    (b) proof that climate change has ended    (c) a substitute for soil conservation    (d) removal of all farming risks
37. Why is it misleading to define trafficking only as crossing an international border? (a) Only foreign citizens can be exploited    (b) Every traveller is automatically trafficked    (c) Exploitation can occur within a country’s borders as well    (d) Trafficking requires a commercial airline
38. What is a significant advantage of including informal workers in suitable pension arrangements? (a) Greater opportunity to build retirement security outside formal salaried employment    (b) Guaranteed identical income for every retiree    (c) Removal of the need to understand contribution terms    (d) Automatic elimination of all financial risk
39. Comparing cashless payments with digital currencies shows that ________, so the two terms should not be conflated. (a) a payment channel and the nature of the value transferred are separate questions    (b) digital transfers always occur outside regulation    (c) every payment app creates a new national currency    (d) cashless systems have no need for consumer protection
40. A trader is paid electronically but the network fails before confirmation. What should happen first? (a) Ask the buyer to share an account password    (b) Verify the transaction status before releasing goods or repeating payment    (c) Delete the payment record    (d) Assume the first pending message proves settlement

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO questions. Each question carries 10 marks. Each sub-question carries 5 marks.

Question 1 (10 Marks)
(a) Explain how insecurity can disrupt four aspects of community development and state one lawful prevention strategy. (5 marks)
(b) Define espionage and give four protective steps a school or workplace can use without encouraging vigilantism. (5 marks)

Question 2 (10 Marks)
(a) Explain two causes and two long-term consequences of flooding, then propose one practical community adaptation. (5 marks)
(b) Distinguish weather from climate and propose four responses to climate-change risks for a Nigerian farming community. (5 marks)

Question 3 (10 Marks)
(a) A worker earns ₦160,000 a month and saves 12.5%. Calculate monthly and annual savings and suggest three savings safeguards. (5 marks)
(b) Compare micro-pension arrangements with conventional structured retirement schemes and explain three benefits of planning early. (5 marks)

Question 4 (10 Marks)
(a) Explain one benefit and two risks of cashless payments, then distinguish digital currency from an ordinary electronic bank transfer. (5 marks)
(b) A teenager receives a suspicious travel-and-work offer. Explain five warning signs or protective actions relating to trafficking in persons. (5 marks)

OBJECTIVE MARKING SCHEME (40 Marks)
Question 1 – ✅ (c) Prevention and public cooperation alongside lawful response
Question 2 – ✅ (d) Different digital-value instruments have different issuers and legal characteristics
Question 3 – ✅ (b) Combine lawful reporting, prevention and social support measures
Question 4 – ✅ (d) Check legitimacy, terms and risks before depositing funds
Question 5 – ✅ (b) Disasters can create both immediate damage and lasting development setbacks
Question 6 – ✅ (a) Limit sensitive access to authorised users and report suspicious requests
Question 7 – ✅ (a) Digital payments create different risks that still require safeguards
Question 8 – ✅ (a) Seek trusted protection and contact appropriate safeguarding or anti-trafficking authorities
Question 9 – ✅ (d) pensions are designed to support later-life income under specified rules
Question 10 – ✅ (c) Exposure, infrastructure and vulnerable households affect the severity of impacts
Question 11 – ✅ (b) ₦700
Question 12 – ✅ (a) They create a buffer for unexpected needs and planned expenses
Question 13 – ✅ (a) verify the issuer, legal status, costs and risks before committing money
Question 14 – ✅ (d) Clear exit routes, roles, drills and communication procedures
Question 15 – ✅ (c) Check suspicious offers, protect personal documents and seek safe reporting channels
Question 16 – ✅ (c) Do not disclose the records; verify the request through authorised channels
Question 17 – ✅ (c) crime increasing insecurity and restricting economic activity
Question 18 – ✅ (a) Protective measures must remain lawful and accountable to the people they serve
Question 19 – ✅ (c) A pension product with clearly explained flexible contributions
Question 20 – ✅ (b) ₦7,200
Question 21 – ✅ (d) concerns should be reported through lawful accountable procedures
Question 22 – ✅ (b) Clear and maintain drainage while planning for heavy rainfall
Question 23 – ✅ (c) It promotes stigma and can divert attention from the actual causes
Question 24 – ✅ (c) Reliable connectivity, accessible services and user education
Question 25 – ✅ (d) It disrupts trade, schooling and investment
Question 26 – ✅ (b) Recruitment or movement linked to exploitation
Question 27 – ✅ (a) Ignoring flood warnings when locating new buildings
Question 28 – ✅ (b) pension saving for later-life support
Question 29 – ✅ (c) Threats, harassment and weak trust can also undermine safety
Question 30 – ✅ (d) climate trends and short-term weather
Question 31 – ✅ (d) 15%
Question 32 – ✅ (b) the use of financing arrangements structured without charging conventional interest
Question 33 – ✅ (b) espionage and improper disclosure of sensitive information
Question 34 – ✅ (d) Constructing homes across a known flood channel without assessment
Question 35 – ✅ (d) preserve evidence and notify appropriate school and security authorities
Question 36 – ✅ (a) adaptation to climatic conditions
Question 37 – ✅ (c) Exploitation can occur within a country’s borders as well
Question 38 – ✅ (a) Greater opportunity to build retirement security outside formal salaried employment
Question 39 – ✅ (a) a payment channel and the nature of the value transferred are separate questions
Question 40 – ✅ (b) Verify the transaction status before releasing goods or repeating payment

THEORY MARKING SCHEME (Answer 3 × 10 = 30 Marks)
Question 1 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: trade 1, schooling 1, investment 1, livelihoods 1, lawful reporting/prevention 1.
(b) 5 marks: definition 1, access controls 1, verify requests 1, protect records 1, authorised reporting 1.
Question 2 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: blocked drainage 1, intense rainfall/exposure 1, economic loss 1, displacement/infrastructure 1, adaptation 1.
(b) 5 marks: distinction 1, planting adjustments 1, water management 1, risk information 1, erosion/shade/soil protection 1.
Question 3 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: ₦20,000 1, ₦240,000 1, budget 1, formal records 1, suitable risk/secure institution 1.
(b) 5 marks: flexible/accessibility 1, contribution arrangements 1, compound accumulation over time 1, resilience 1, record keeping 1.
Question 4 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: convenience 1, connectivity risk 1, fraud/cybersecurity risk 1, transfer definition 1, digital value/instrument distinction 1.
(b) 5 marks: exploitation/coercion 1, verify offer 1, protect documents 1, trusted consultation 1, safe authorities/reporting 1.