New Curriculum Third Term Beauty and Cosmetology examination for SS 1

Class: SS 1
Term: Third Term
Subject: Beauty and Cosmetology
Time: 2 hours
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer all 40 questions. Each question carries 1 mark. Choose the best option (a), (b), (c) or (d).

1. A practitioner refuses to discuss a client's private treatment with another customer. The key principle is ________. (a) confidentiality    (b) opportunistic marketing    (c) aggressive discounting    (d) publicity
2. ________ is demonstrated when a salon admits that it accidentally overcharged a customer and corrects the bill. (a) Price discrimination without explanation    (b) Honesty in business    (c) Concealment of costs    (d) False promotion
3. The salon promises to finish all appointments on time but regularly books two clients into one slot. Which value has been neglected? (a) Attractive price display without dependable service delivery    (b) Product diversification    (c) High-quality promotional photographs without reliable booking practices    (d) Reliability in keeping commitments
4. Which action would NOT be an example of desirable ethics? (a) Treating customers respectfully    (b) Falsifying a product label to increase sales    (c) Giving truthful information about services    (d) Recording payments accurately
5. A manager records actual costs rather than inventing lower figures. This chiefly strengthens: (a) the appearance of the annual accounts without verified entries    (b) equipment capacity    (c) the time needed to dry hair    (d) financial integrity
6. A customer is dissatisfied after a service. Which response best protects confidence in the business? (a) Blame the customer without examining the work.    (b) Publicly disclose the customer's details.    (c) Delete all records of the booking.    (d) Listen, check the complaint and offer a fair remedy within policy.
7. The main reason ethical conduct matters even when no supervisor is present; identify the underlying reason: (a) ethical rules apply only during inspection    (b) clients cannot judge the result of a treatment    (c) clients' welfare and the business's reputation depend on consistent behaviour    (d) workplace standards concern advertising alone
8. A salon provides honest service and resolves complaints fairly. The likely long-term benefit is ________. (a) guaranteed profit without expenses    (b) repeat business built on trust    (c) freedom from hygiene obligations    (d) elimination of every future complaint
9. Which opportunity is LEAST viable on the evidence provided? (a) A service whose recurring costs can be covered by sales    (b) A costly service with no customers willing to pay for it    (c) A service designed for a defined customer group    (d) A service supported by trained workers
10. Two business ideas are considered: nail care near a busy market with trained staff, and a specialised service with no trained operator or local demand. The stronger opportunity is ________. (a) nail care supported by skills and identifiable customer demand    (b) whichever idea requires the highest initial loan    (c) the unstaffed service because it sounds more expensive    (d) whichever idea is most difficult to explain
11. A salon estimates 40 clients per week at ₦2,000 each; weekly operating costs are ₦55,000. Estimated weekly surplus; calculate the required result: (a) ₦55,000    (b) ₦25,000    (c) ₦80,000    (d) ₦135,000
12. To rank possible ventures rationally, the most useful comparison; select the most accurate answer: (a) demand, competence, start-up cost and expected return    (b) the owner's preferred business name    (c) appearance of the business premises alone    (d) the number of mirrors available
13. All of these help evaluate a beauty business idea except: (a) assuming every person nearby will buy the service    (b) estimating essential costs    (c) examining competitors' services    (d) surveying potential customers
14. A beautician enjoys a technique but local clients are asking for a different safe service. The difference is between ________. (a) fixed capital and current expenditure    (b) a tool and a consumable material    (c) a personal business idea and an identified market opportunity    (d) cash sales and inventory
15. Before converting a salon idea into a venture, choose the correct step: (a) advertise services that staff cannot perform    (b) purchase specialised equipment before checking customer demand    (c) assess demand, required skills and likely costs    (d) disregard the location and target clientele
16. An observation that customers frequently travel far for safe pedicures is evidence of: (a) unmet demand worth investigating    (b) a compulsory government grant    (c) guaranteed profit without planning    (d) the absence of any competition
17. A trainee offers home hair services without reliable transport. What should be examined before taking distant bookings? (a) Whether the fee sounds attractive before allowing for travel    (b) Only whether the destination is popular with other stylists    (c) Travel time and cost relative to the expected fee    (d) Whether the client owns a salon mirror
18. A trainee earns ₦3,500 per appointment on five appointments and spends ₦6,000 on materials. The remaining amount before other expenses is ________. (a) ₦6,000    (b) ₦17,500    (c) ₦11,500    (d) ₦23,500
19. Why should income from a gainful activity be recorded alongside expenses? (a) The difference helps show whether the activity is financially sustainable.    (b) Recording income makes product quality irrelevant.    (c) Expenses are always paid by customers separately.    (d) Every payment is automatically net profit.
20. A paid salon service represents a gainful activity chiefly because it: (a) requires no resources    (b) generates income through useful work    (c) avoids all customer interaction    (d) must be performed without skills
21. The ________ stage involves organising the resources required to begin offering goods or services to customers. (a) end-of-year audit    (b) business start-up    (c) product disposal    (d) routine retirement
22. The most defensible reason for starting a small beauty enterprise is ________. (a) to meet a demand through competent services and earn sustainable income    (b) to guarantee that no competitor exists    (c) to avoid checking operating costs    (d) to remove all need for professional ethics
23. A cosmetology start-up has customers and equipment but no procedure for cleaning reusable instruments. What must be established before operation? (a) An appropriate hygiene and safety procedure    (b) A revised promotional design without addressing the hygiene gap    (c) A higher service charge alone    (d) Additional decorative lighting
24. Which of the following is NOT a suitable entry consideration for a salon? (a) Appropriate skills and training    (b) Safe working arrangements    (c) Essential tools and realistic funding    (d) Advertising advanced procedures without the competence to perform them
25. A salon sells bottled hair products and also provides braiding. The former is a ________ while the latter is a service. (a) professional skill    (b) client appointment    (c) tangible good    (d) consultation procedure
26. Which cost is most closely linked to each additional manicure appointment? (a) Amount of consumable nail-care materials used    (b) Initial purchase of salon mirrors    (c) Existing salon lease for the month    (d) Registration of the business name
27. A workstation requires clean combs, mirrors and towels. The best resource plan is to ________. (a) buy mirrors daily but never launder towels    (b) replace essential hygiene supplies with advertising    (c) identify durable tools and replenish consumables as needed    (d) treat every item as a single-use chemical
28. A trainee spends the entire start-up budget on furniture. The most likely operational consequence; identify the likely consequence: (a) a guaranteed increase in demand    (b) automatic growth of service capacity    (c) elimination of initial operating costs    (d) insufficient funds for essential tools and materials
29. Which market feature matters most when choosing a new location? (a) Guaranteed sales without promotion    (b) Low rental cost despite no realistic demand for services    (c) Accessible customers with a viable demand for the service    (d) Absence of any planning requirements
30. A salon advertises to students but charges a premium far beyond their stated budgets. The mismatch primarily concerns: (a) nail length preferences    (b) the number of brushes used    (c) the age of existing furniture    (d) targeting and affordability of the offer
31. A market exists where ________. (a) there are tools but no potential customers    (b) product packaging is displayed without any trade    (c) only the business owner decides on a price without buyers    (d) potential buyers and providers of a service can transact
32. To understand whether there is demand for pedicures nearby, a sensible first investigation; select the most accurate answer: (a) select a random price without asking anyone    (b) survey prospective customers about need and willingness to pay    (c) presume that all residents want daily pedicures    (d) copy another salon's sales figures without context
33. The main reason to compare nearby competitors' prices and service standards; identify the underlying reason: (a) to copy another salon's confidential client files    (b) to replace proper cost calculation    (c) to duplicate competitors without considering their target market    (d) to position an offer realistically within the market
34. A beautician can serve 12 clients a day but marketing brings 30 same-day bookings. The chief risk is ________. (a) elimination of appointment delays    (b) lower advertising costs    (c) overpromising beyond service capacity    (d) improved hygiene automatically
35. An attractive target market is not simply the largest group: it must also: (a) accept every price without objection    (b) have a need the business can meet profitably and safely    (c) consist exclusively of wealthy customers    (d) be completely free from alternatives
36. A salon is located near offices and considers appointments before work. This marketing decision chiefly reflects: (a) unrelated national price trends    (b) customer schedule and accessibility    (c) matching the salon ambience to staff preferences rather than client needs    (d) the owner's hairstyle preference
37. Which of these is not a sensible decision within the four-P approach to marketing? (a) Selecting an accessible sales location    (b) Defining the service offered    (c) Choosing a suitable promotion channel    (d) Changing prices without considering the service or target customers
38. Choose the correct step before offering a discount: (a) check that the reduced fee still covers relevant costs    (b) assume every discount raises profit    (c) reduce the hygiene standard to offset the reduction    (d) stop recording consumable costs
39. For a new manicure service, which promotion is most appropriate if funds are limited? (a) Paying for unrelated nationwide adverts without a target    (b) Claiming medical cures that the salon cannot provide    (c) Clear, truthful social posts targeted at nearby potential clients    (d) Repeatedly messaging clients without consent
40. A salon's marketing mix includes product, price, place and ________. (a) payment arrears    (b) production waste    (c) professional registration    (d) promotion

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO questions. Each question carries 10 marks. Answer THREE questions only.

Question 1. A beautician is offered immediate income for an unsafe treatment that is outside their competence.
(a) Identify the ethical conflict. (2 marks)
(b) Explain two consequences of accepting the offer. (4 marks)
(c) Describe two ways to act ethically while protecting the business. (4 marks)

Question 2. A new salon idea promises 30 weekly clients at ₦3,000 each. Fixed and variable operating costs together are estimated at ₦62,000 weekly.
(a) Calculate projected weekly surplus. (2 marks)
(b) Identify and explain two factors that might change the estimate. (4 marks)
(c) Outline two methods of checking the opportunity before investment. (4 marks)

Question 3. A trainee has ₦100,000 for a small manicure service and intends to spend ₦80,000 on decorative fittings.
(a) Distinguish goods from services using two salon examples. (2 marks)
(b) Explain two weaknesses in the proposed start-up allocation. (4 marks)
(c) Recommend two priorities for a safer, more viable launch. (4 marks)

Question 4. A salon is launching a lower-cost pedicure service for nearby students.
(a) Name the four elements of the marketing mix. (2 marks)
(b) Explain two ways to assess whether the students form a viable target market. (4 marks)
(c) Propose two ethical, affordable promotion and pricing decisions. (4 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (a) confidentiality
Question 2 – ✅ (b) Honesty in business
Question 3 – ✅ (d) Reliability in keeping commitments
Question 4 – ✅ (b) Falsifying a product label to increase sales
Question 5 – ✅ (d) financial integrity
Question 6 – ✅ (d) Listen, check the complaint and offer a fair remedy within policy.
Question 7 – ✅ (c) clients' welfare and the business's reputation depend on consistent behaviour
Question 8 – ✅ (b) repeat business built on trust
Question 9 – ✅ (b) A costly service with no customers willing to pay for it
Question 10 – ✅ (a) nail care supported by skills and identifiable customer demand
Question 11 – ✅ (b) ₦25,000
Question 12 – ✅ (a) demand, competence, start-up cost and expected return
Question 13 – ✅ (a) assuming every person nearby will buy the service
Question 14 – ✅ (c) a personal business idea and an identified market opportunity
Question 15 – ✅ (c) assess demand, required skills and likely costs
Question 16 – ✅ (a) unmet demand worth investigating
Question 17 – ✅ (c) Travel time and cost relative to the expected fee
Question 18 – ✅ (c) ₦11,500
Question 19 – ✅ (a) The difference helps show whether the activity is financially sustainable.
Question 20 – ✅ (b) generates income through useful work
Question 21 – ✅ (b) business start-up
Question 22 – ✅ (a) to meet a demand through competent services and earn sustainable income
Question 23 – ✅ (a) An appropriate hygiene and safety procedure
Question 24 – ✅ (d) Advertising advanced procedures without the competence to perform them
Question 25 – ✅ (c) tangible good
Question 26 – ✅ (a) Amount of consumable nail-care materials used
Question 27 – ✅ (c) identify durable tools and replenish consumables as needed
Question 28 – ✅ (d) insufficient funds for essential tools and materials
Question 29 – ✅ (c) Accessible customers with a viable demand for the service
Question 30 – ✅ (d) targeting and affordability of the offer
Question 31 – ✅ (d) potential buyers and providers of a service can transact
Question 32 – ✅ (b) survey prospective customers about need and willingness to pay
Question 33 – ✅ (d) to position an offer realistically within the market
Question 34 – ✅ (c) overpromising beyond service capacity
Question 35 – ✅ (b) have a need the business can meet profitably and safely
Question 36 – ✅ (b) customer schedule and accessibility
Question 37 – ✅ (d) Changing prices without considering the service or target customers
Question 38 – ✅ (a) check that the reduced fee still covers relevant costs
Question 39 – ✅ (c) Clear, truthful social posts targeted at nearby potential clients
Question 40 – ✅ (d) promotion

Theory Marking Scheme

Question 1
(a) Conflict between short-term revenue and client safety/integrity (2).
(b) Client harm, complaint/liability, reputation damage, compromised trust; any two explained (2+2).
(c) Refuse unsafe procedure and explain limitations; refer to qualified practitioner; document policies/training; any two explained (2+2).

Question 2
(a) Revenue ₦90,000 less costs ₦62,000 = ₦28,000 (2).
(b) Actual demand, consumable prices, rent/transport, staff capacity; any two explained (2+2).
(c) Customer survey, competitor analysis, trial bookings, realistic budget; any two explained (2+2).

Question 3
(a) Good = nail-care product; service = manicure/pedicure or equivalent, with distinction (2).
(b) Insufficient essential tools, hygiene consumables, operating reserve, marketing; any two analysed (2+2).
(c) Prioritise safe tools and hygiene supplies, staff competence, realistic working capital; any two explained (2+2).

Question 4
(a) Product, price, place, promotion (0.5 each).
(b) Survey demand and willingness to pay; assess competitors and accessible location; any two explained (2+2).
(c) Price to cover costs, transparent student offers, truthful local promotions and appointment planning; two explained (2+2).