New Curriculum Second Term Solar PV Installation and Maintenance examination for JSS 1

Class: JSS 1
Term: Second Term
Subject: Solar PV Installation and Maintenance
Time: 2 hours
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer all 40 questions. Each question carries 1 mark.

1. Which explanation most accurately describes Solar inverters? (a) Inverter power ratings indicate the maximum supported output under stated conditions    (b) An inverter converts DC power into AC power for suitable electrical loads    (c) A solar panel contains photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity    (d) The main function of solar modules is to supply electrical energy from sunlight
2. In the context of Inverter ratings, which statement is correct? (a) Inverter power ratings indicate the maximum supported output under stated conditions    (b) An inverter converts DC power into AC power for suitable electrical loads    (c) A solar panel contains photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity    (d) The main function of solar modules is to supply electrical energy from sunlight
3. The concept of Solar panels is best explained as ________. (a) The main function of solar modules is to supply electrical energy from sunlight    (b) Inverter power ratings indicate the maximum supported output under stated conditions    (c) An inverter converts DC power into AC power for suitable electrical loads    (d) A solar panel contains photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity
4. An accurate description of Solar-panel functions is ________. (a) A solar panel contains photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity    (b) Solar batteries store electrical energy for use when generation is insufficient    (c) The main function of solar modules is to supply electrical energy from sunlight    (d) Solar storage may use lead-acid or lithium-based battery technologies
5. Which explanation most accurately describes Solar storage batteries? (a) Solar storage may use lead-acid or lithium-based battery technologies    (b) The main function of solar modules is to supply electrical energy from sunlight    (c) Solar batteries store electrical energy for use when generation is insufficient    (d) A solar panel contains photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity
6. In the context of Types of solar batteries, which statement is correct? (a) Solar batteries store electrical energy for use when generation is insufficient    (b) Solar storage may use lead-acid or lithium-based battery technologies    (c) Days of autonomy describe how long stored energy can supply loads without charging    (d) The main function of solar modules is to supply electrical energy from sunlight
7. The concept of Days of autonomy is best explained as ________. (a) Days of autonomy describe how long stored energy can supply loads without charging    (b) Solar storage may use lead-acid or lithium-based battery technologies    (c) Depth of discharge expresses the fraction of rated capacity removed from a battery    (d) Solar batteries store electrical energy for use when generation is insufficient
8. An accurate description of Depth of discharge is ________. (a) Days of autonomy describe how long stored energy can supply loads without charging    (b) Inverters may differ in waveform and intended application    (c) Solar storage may use lead-acid or lithium-based battery technologies    (d) Depth of discharge expresses the fraction of rated capacity removed from a battery
9. Which explanation most accurately describes Inverter types? (a) A sizing safety factor provides additional capacity above estimated running load    (b) Depth of discharge expresses the fraction of rated capacity removed from a battery    (c) Days of autonomy describe how long stored energy can supply loads without charging    (d) Inverters may differ in waveform and intended application
10. In the context of Inverter safety factor, which statement is correct? (a) Inverters may differ in waveform and intended application    (b) Depth of discharge expresses the fraction of rated capacity removed from a battery    (c) A sizing safety factor provides additional capacity above estimated running load    (d) Days of autonomy describe how long stored energy can supply loads without charging
11. A practical example relating to Solar inverters is ________. (a) Comparing a load in watts with an inverter’s rated capacity    (b) Supplying an AC light from battery power through an inverter    (c) Mounting panels where shading will be minimal    (d) Using PV output to charge a battery through appropriate control equipment
12. During a practical lesson on Inverter ratings, which observation is most relevant? (a) Comparing a load in watts with an inverter’s rated capacity    (b) Supplying an AC light from battery power through an inverter    (c) Mounting panels where shading will be minimal    (d) Using PV output to charge a battery through appropriate control equipment
13. Which of the following demonstrates Solar panels correctly? (a) Mounting panels where shading will be minimal    (b) Using PV output to charge a battery through appropriate control equipment    (c) Comparing a load in watts with an inverter’s rated capacity    (d) Supplying an AC light from battery power through an inverter
14. Which situation best illustrates Solar-panel functions? (a) Mounting panels where shading will be minimal    (b) Powering a light from a charged battery after sunset    (c) Identifying deep-cycle lead-acid storage as a solar battery type    (d) Using PV output to charge a battery through appropriate control equipment
15. A practical example relating to Solar storage batteries is ________. (a) Identifying deep-cycle lead-acid storage as a solar battery type    (b) Using PV output to charge a battery through appropriate control equipment    (c) Powering a light from a charged battery after sunset    (d) Mounting panels where shading will be minimal
16. During a practical lesson on Types of solar batteries, which observation is most relevant? (a) Powering a light from a charged battery after sunset    (b) Identifying deep-cycle lead-acid storage as a solar battery type    (c) Sizing storage for two cloudy days of expected demand    (d) Using PV output to charge a battery through appropriate control equipment
17. Which of the following demonstrates Days of autonomy correctly? (a) Identifying deep-cycle lead-acid storage as a solar battery type    (b) Sizing storage for two cloudy days of expected demand    (c) Discharging a battery by half of its rated capacity    (d) Powering a light from a charged battery after sunset
18. Which situation best illustrates Depth of discharge? (a) Discharging a battery by half of its rated capacity    (b) Sizing storage for two cloudy days of expected demand    (c) Distinguishing pure sine-wave output from modified sine-wave output    (d) Identifying deep-cycle lead-acid storage as a solar battery type
19. A practical example relating to Inverter types is ________. (a) Selecting an inverter with headroom above the calculated total wattage    (b) Discharging a battery by half of its rated capacity    (c) Sizing storage for two cloudy days of expected demand    (d) Distinguishing pure sine-wave output from modified sine-wave output
20. During a practical lesson on Inverter safety factor, which observation is most relevant? (a) Distinguishing pure sine-wave output from modified sine-wave output    (b) Discharging a battery by half of its rated capacity    (c) Selecting an inverter with headroom above the calculated total wattage    (d) Sizing storage for two cloudy days of expected demand
21. A pupil working on Solar inverters should first consider ________. (a) Use suitable batteries and a compatible charge controller    (b) Connect panels according to appropriate voltage and polarity requirements    (c) Select a correctly rated inverter for the intended load    (d) Select batteries based on safe operating requirements and capacity
22. The recommended procedure relating to Inverter ratings is ________. (a) Select batteries based on safe operating requirements and capacity    (b) Consider both continuous and starting loads when choosing an inverter    (c) Use suitable batteries and a compatible charge controller    (d) Include required backup days in energy-storage calculations
23. Which action is most appropriate when applying Solar panels? (a) Choose suitable module specifications for the installation    (b) Include required backup days in energy-storage calculations    (c) Select batteries based on safe operating requirements and capacity    (d) Respect recommended discharge limits when sizing battery storage
24. When carrying out Solar-panel functions, the correct approach is to ________. (a) Respect recommended discharge limits when sizing battery storage    (b) Select a correctly rated inverter for the intended load    (c) Include required backup days in energy-storage calculations    (d) Connect panels according to appropriate voltage and polarity requirements
25. A pupil working on Solar storage batteries should first consider ________. (a) Select a correctly rated inverter for the intended load    (b) Select the waveform suited to the appliances    (c) Consider both continuous and starting loads when choosing an inverter    (d) Use suitable batteries and a compatible charge controller
26. The recommended procedure relating to Types of solar batteries is ________. (a) Consider both continuous and starting loads when choosing an inverter    (b) Include suitable margin for starting surges and future allowance    (c) Select batteries based on safe operating requirements and capacity    (d) Select a correctly rated inverter for the intended load
27. Which action is most appropriate when applying Days of autonomy? (a) Choose suitable module specifications for the installation    (b) Include required backup days in energy-storage calculations    (c) Consider both continuous and starting loads when choosing an inverter    (d) Connect panels according to appropriate voltage and polarity requirements
28. When carrying out Depth of discharge, the correct approach is to ________. (a) Respect recommended discharge limits when sizing battery storage    (b) Connect panels according to appropriate voltage and polarity requirements    (c) Choose suitable module specifications for the installation    (d) Use suitable batteries and a compatible charge controller
29. A pupil working on Inverter types should first consider ________. (a) Select the waveform suited to the appliances    (b) Use suitable batteries and a compatible charge controller    (c) Select batteries based on safe operating requirements and capacity    (d) Connect panels according to appropriate voltage and polarity requirements
30. The recommended procedure relating to Inverter safety factor is ________. (a) Select batteries based on safe operating requirements and capacity    (b) Use suitable batteries and a compatible charge controller    (c) Include required backup days in energy-storage calculations    (d) Include suitable margin for starting surges and future allowance
31. With respect to Solar inverters, which practice is inappropriate? (a) Treating a storage battery as the device that converts DC to AC    (b) Connecting panels with reversed polarity without checking connections    (c) Expecting an inverter alone to generate energy from sunlight    (d) Mixing incompatible battery types in one bank without assessment
32. Which practice is a likely mistake in Inverter ratings? (a) Mixing incompatible battery types in one bank without assessment    (b) Connecting loads well beyond the inverter’s rated output    (c) Treating a storage battery as the device that converts DC to AC    (d) Ignoring expected cloudy periods when estimating battery capacity
33. A difficulty that should be avoided in Solar panels is ________. (a) Ignoring expected cloudy periods when estimating battery capacity    (b) Placing a panel permanently under heavy shade and expecting normal output    (c) Mixing incompatible battery types in one bank without assessment    (d) Using the entire nominal battery capacity without considering safe discharge depth
34. Which action may lead to an unsatisfactory result in Solar-panel functions? (a) Connecting panels with reversed polarity without checking connections    (b) Using the entire nominal battery capacity without considering safe discharge depth    (c) Expecting an inverter alone to generate energy from sunlight    (d) Ignoring expected cloudy periods when estimating battery capacity
35. With respect to Solar storage batteries, which practice is inappropriate? (a) Expecting an inverter alone to generate energy from sunlight    (b) Assuming every inverter waveform is equally suitable for sensitive equipment    (c) Connecting loads well beyond the inverter’s rated output    (d) Treating a storage battery as the device that converts DC to AC
36. Which practice is a likely mistake in Types of solar batteries? (a) Connecting loads well beyond the inverter’s rated output    (b) Choosing an inverter rated below the total anticipated appliance demand    (c) Mixing incompatible battery types in one bank without assessment    (d) Expecting an inverter alone to generate energy from sunlight
37. A difficulty that should be avoided in Days of autonomy is ________. (a) Placing a panel permanently under heavy shade and expecting normal output    (b) Connecting loads well beyond the inverter’s rated output    (c) Ignoring expected cloudy periods when estimating battery capacity    (d) Connecting panels with reversed polarity without checking connections
38. Which action may lead to an unsatisfactory result in Depth of discharge? (a) Connecting panels with reversed polarity without checking connections    (b) Using the entire nominal battery capacity without considering safe discharge depth    (c) Placing a panel permanently under heavy shade and expecting normal output    (d) Treating a storage battery as the device that converts DC to AC
39. With respect to Inverter types, which practice is inappropriate? (a) Assuming every inverter waveform is equally suitable for sensitive equipment    (b) Treating a storage battery as the device that converts DC to AC    (c) Mixing incompatible battery types in one bank without assessment    (d) Connecting panels with reversed polarity without checking connections
40. Which practice is a likely mistake in Inverter safety factor? (a) Mixing incompatible battery types in one bank without assessment    (b) Treating a storage battery as the device that converts DC to AC    (c) Ignoring expected cloudy periods when estimating battery capacity    (d) Choosing an inverter rated below the total anticipated appliance demand

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer any THREE questions. Each question carries 10 marks.

1. Answer the following questions.
(a) Explain Solar inverters. (2 marks)
(b) Describe an example or application of Inverter ratings and explain its importance. (4 marks)
(c) State one appropriate practice and one mistake to avoid concerning Solar panels. Explain each. (4 marks)

2. Answer the following questions.
(a) Explain Solar-panel functions. (2 marks)
(b) Describe an example or application of Solar storage batteries and explain its importance. (4 marks)
(c) State one appropriate practice and one mistake to avoid concerning Types of solar batteries. Explain each. (4 marks)

3. Answer the following questions.
(a) Explain Days of autonomy. (2 marks)
(b) Describe an example or application of Depth of discharge and explain its importance. (4 marks)
(c) State one appropriate practice and one mistake to avoid concerning Inverter types. Explain each. (4 marks)

4. Answer the following questions.
(a) Explain Inverter ratings. (2 marks)
(b) Describe an example or application of Inverter types and explain its importance. (4 marks)
(c) State one appropriate practice and one mistake to avoid concerning Inverter safety factor. Explain each. (4 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (b) An inverter converts DC power into AC power for suitable electrical loads
Question 2 – ✅ (a) Inverter power ratings indicate the maximum supported output under stated conditions
Question 3 – ✅ (d) A solar panel contains photovoltaic cells that convert sunlight to electricity
Question 4 – ✅ (c) The main function of solar modules is to supply electrical energy from sunlight
Question 5 – ✅ (c) Solar batteries store electrical energy for use when generation is insufficient
Question 6 – ✅ (b) Solar storage may use lead-acid or lithium-based battery technologies
Question 7 – ✅ (a) Days of autonomy describe how long stored energy can supply loads without charging
Question 8 – ✅ (d) Depth of discharge expresses the fraction of rated capacity removed from a battery
Question 9 – ✅ (d) Inverters may differ in waveform and intended application
Question 10 – ✅ (c) A sizing safety factor provides additional capacity above estimated running load
Question 11 – ✅ (b) Supplying an AC light from battery power through an inverter
Question 12 – ✅ (a) Comparing a load in watts with an inverter’s rated capacity
Question 13 – ✅ (a) Mounting panels where shading will be minimal
Question 14 – ✅ (d) Using PV output to charge a battery through appropriate control equipment
Question 15 – ✅ (c) Powering a light from a charged battery after sunset
Question 16 – ✅ (b) Identifying deep-cycle lead-acid storage as a solar battery type
Question 17 – ✅ (b) Sizing storage for two cloudy days of expected demand
Question 18 – ✅ (a) Discharging a battery by half of its rated capacity
Question 19 – ✅ (d) Distinguishing pure sine-wave output from modified sine-wave output
Question 20 – ✅ (c) Selecting an inverter with headroom above the calculated total wattage
Question 21 – ✅ (c) Select a correctly rated inverter for the intended load
Question 22 – ✅ (b) Consider both continuous and starting loads when choosing an inverter
Question 23 – ✅ (a) Choose suitable module specifications for the installation
Question 24 – ✅ (d) Connect panels according to appropriate voltage and polarity requirements
Question 25 – ✅ (d) Use suitable batteries and a compatible charge controller
Question 26 – ✅ (c) Select batteries based on safe operating requirements and capacity
Question 27 – ✅ (b) Include required backup days in energy-storage calculations
Question 28 – ✅ (a) Respect recommended discharge limits when sizing battery storage
Question 29 – ✅ (a) Select the waveform suited to the appliances
Question 30 – ✅ (d) Include suitable margin for starting surges and future allowance
Question 31 – ✅ (c) Expecting an inverter alone to generate energy from sunlight
Question 32 – ✅ (b) Connecting loads well beyond the inverter’s rated output
Question 33 – ✅ (b) Placing a panel permanently under heavy shade and expecting normal output
Question 34 – ✅ (a) Connecting panels with reversed polarity without checking connections
Question 35 – ✅ (d) Treating a storage battery as the device that converts DC to AC
Question 36 – ✅ (c) Mixing incompatible battery types in one bank without assessment
Question 37 – ✅ (c) Ignoring expected cloudy periods when estimating battery capacity
Question 38 – ✅ (b) Using the entire nominal battery capacity without considering safe discharge depth
Question 39 – ✅ (a) Assuming every inverter waveform is equally suitable for sensitive equipment
Question 40 – ✅ (d) Choosing an inverter rated below the total anticipated appliance demand

Theory Marking Scheme

Question 1:
(a) An inverter converts DC power into AC power for suitable electrical loads (2 marks)
(b) Comparing a load in watts with an inverter’s rated capacity; accept a relevant explanation consistent with the taught activity. (4 marks)
(c) Appropriate practice: Choose suitable module specifications for the installation. Mistake to avoid: Placing a panel permanently under heavy shade and expecting normal output. Award 2 marks for each explained point. (4 marks)

Question 2:
(a) The main function of solar modules is to supply electrical energy from sunlight (2 marks)
(b) Powering a light from a charged battery after sunset; accept a relevant explanation consistent with the taught activity. (4 marks)
(c) Appropriate practice: Select batteries based on safe operating requirements and capacity. Mistake to avoid: Mixing incompatible battery types in one bank without assessment. Award 2 marks for each explained point. (4 marks)

Question 3:
(a) Days of autonomy describe how long stored energy can supply loads without charging (2 marks)
(b) Discharging a battery by half of its rated capacity; accept a relevant explanation consistent with the taught activity. (4 marks)
(c) Appropriate practice: Select the waveform suited to the appliances. Mistake to avoid: Assuming every inverter waveform is equally suitable for sensitive equipment. Award 2 marks for each explained point. (4 marks)

Question 4:
(a) Inverter power ratings indicate the maximum supported output under stated conditions (2 marks)
(b) Distinguishing pure sine-wave output from modified sine-wave output; accept a relevant explanation consistent with the taught activity. (4 marks)
(c) Appropriate practice: Include suitable margin for starting surges and future allowance. Mistake to avoid: Choosing an inverter rated below the total anticipated appliance demand. Award 2 marks for each explained point. (4 marks)