New Curriculum Second Term Social and Citizenship Studies examination for Primary 4

Class: Primary 4
Term: Second Term
Subject: Social and Citizenship Studies
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer all questions. Each question carries 1 mark.

1. Good governance is shown when public officials ________. (a) refuse to listen to citizens    (b) use public resources for personal gain    (c) make rules secretly to benefit friends    (d) act fairly and account for decisions
2. Which level of government is closest to local community administration? (a) Supreme Court    (b) Local government    (c) Federal government    (d) National assembly
3. Government is responsible for ________. (a) selling only farm produce    (b) conducting only private family meetings    (c) making and implementing rules for society    (d) controlling every personal friendship
4. Which system allows citizens to choose representatives through elections? (a) Absolute monarchy    (b) Democracy    (c) Military dictatorship    (d) Hereditary rule
5. The electoral process includes ________. (a) only displaying candidates’ photographs    (b) only printing campaign posters    (c) only choosing a party logo    (d) registration, voting and counting of votes
6. Which action threatens a free and fair election? (a) Secret voting    (b) Accurate counting    (c) Vote buying    (d) Peaceful campaigning
7. Why are electoral laws important? (a) They remove the need for voting    (b) They guide the process and protect fairness    (c) They prevent citizens from learning the rules    (d) They allow anyone to change results
8. A ballot paper is used mainly to ________. (a) record a voter’s choice    (b) publish election laws    (c) register a political party    (d) calculate campaign expenses
9. A political party is an organisation that ________. (a) exists only to manage school sports    (b) appoints every judge directly    (c) operates only as a charity    (d) seeks political power through elections
10. Which example describes a multi-party system? (a) Only one party is permitted    (b) No political party can contest    (c) Several parties compete in elections    (d) All parties are automatically merged
11. Pressure groups generally aim to ________. (a) influence public decisions on issues    (b) control every political party    (c) replace all voting procedures    (d) appoint every elected officer
12. A political party differs from a pressure group because a party ________. (a) may speak for its members    (b) seeks to form government    (c) can organise public meetings    (d) may express views on policy
13. Positive peer pressure occurs when classmates encourage someone to ________. (a) study regularly and avoid cheating    (b) skip school without permission    (c) bully a younger pupil    (d) steal from the classroom
14. What should a pupil do when friends pressure them to break a rule? (a) Follow them to avoid disagreement    (b) Keep the plan secret from every adult    (c) Encourage more pupils to join    (d) Say no and seek support if necessary
15. For a small cut, a safe first-aid action is to ________. (a) clean the wound and apply a clean dressing    (b) apply unknown chemicals    (c) ignore heavy bleeding    (d) rub dirty soil into it
16. After an accident involving serious injury, the first action should be to ________. (a) move the injured person roughly    (b) give unknown medication    (c) seek immediate adult or emergency help    (d) let classmates crowd around
17. A child’s right to protection includes protection from ________. (a) abuse and exploitation    (b) medical assistance    (c) respectful treatment    (d) safe education
18. A pupil who feels unsafe should ________. (a) confront a dangerous stranger alone    (b) follow threats without seeking help    (c) keep every dangerous event secret    (d) tell a trusted adult or responsible authority
19. An emergency telephone number is useful because it ________. (a) guarantees every call is private from adults    (b) connects people to urgent assistance    (c) replaces everyday school records    (d) provides entertainment programs
20. When reporting an emergency by phone, it is important to ________. (a) provide a made-up address    (b) make jokes about the situation    (c) hang up before giving information    (d) give a clear location and describe what happened
21. A government that explains how public money is used demonstrates ________. (a) accountability    (b) favouritism    (c) secrecy    (d) intimidation
22. One function of local government is to help provide ________. (a) national currency notes    (b) international passports only    (c) community services    (d) foreign embassies
23. Why should citizens obey fair laws? (a) They replace all family rules    (b) They help maintain order and protect rights    (c) They stop all public discussion    (d) They make elections unnecessary
24. Which activity takes place during an election? (a) Voters choose among candidates    (b) A court conducts a school test    (c) A hospital distributes drugs    (d) The bank prints currency
25. A voter should select a candidate mainly on the basis of ________. (a) threats from neighbours    (b) a secret gift offered for a vote    (c) pressure from a stranger    (d) qualities and proposed service
26. Which action makes an election unfair? (a) Allowing eligible voters to participate    (b) Following electoral procedures    (c) Buying votes with money    (d) Counting votes openly
27. Election officials are expected to ________. (a) change results for personal gain    (b) treat voters and candidates fairly    (c) destroy valid ballots    (d) favour one candidate secretly
28. What is the purpose of an election campaign? (a) To prevent public discussion    (b) To hide candidates’ policies    (c) To explain candidates’ plans to voters    (d) To replace voting with threats
29. Which group primarily seeks to win political offices through elections? (a) Neighbourhood watch    (b) School reading club    (c) Parents’ association    (d) Political party
30. A pressure group generally seeks to ________. (a) influence decisions on issues it supports    (b) conduct all national elections    (c) print official ballot papers    (d) replace every political party
31. A pupil follows a friend’s good advice to finish homework. This is ________. (a) harmful peer pressure    (b) electoral malpractice    (c) positive peer influence    (d) political campaigning
32. Which response is most suitable when pressured to cheat in a test? (a) Copy only the easy answers    (b) Refuse and work independently    (c) Accept to remain popular    (d) Share answers secretly
33. Before helping someone with a minor cut, an adult should first ________. (a) apply an unknown chemical    (b) ignore hygiene    (c) ensure the scene is safe    (d) touch blood with bare hands unnecessarily
34. Which material is commonly used to cover a cleaned small wound? (a) Clean dressing    (b) Dirty cloth    (c) Used tissue    (d) Loose soil
35. If a child sees someone seriously injured, the child should ________. (a) crowd around and take photographs    (b) alert a responsible adult and seek emergency help    (c) move the person roughly    (d) give unknown medicines
36. The right to protection means children should be safe from ________. (a) abuse and exploitation    (b) safe family guidance    (c) reasonable playtime    (d) appropriate school instruction
37. A child who is threatened by an adult should ________. (a) meet the person alone    (b) accept the threat as normal    (c) keep the threat secret    (d) tell a trusted adult promptly
38. What information is most useful when calling for emergency assistance? (a) Only the caller’s favourite subject    (b) The location and nature of the problem    (c) An unrelated market price    (d) A classmate’s exam score
39. Which action helps make a safe school environment? (a) Ignoring broken steps    (b) Leaving sharp objects on walkways    (c) Reporting dangerous situations quickly    (d) Hiding exposed wires
40. Good governance requires public officers to ________. (a) avoid explaining decisions    (b) reward only supporters    (c) ignore the law    (d) serve the public rather than personal interests

SECTION B: THEORY / PRACTICAL (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO questions. Each question carries 10 marks.

1. Government and governance
(a) What is good governance? (2 marks)
(b) Name the three main levels of government in Nigeria. (4 marks)
(c) Explain two reasons good governance matters to citizens. (4 marks)

2. Election and political groups
(a) Define the electoral process. (2 marks)
(b) State four basic stages or components of an election. (4 marks)
(c) Explain two differences between a political party and a pressure group. (4 marks)

3. Peer pressure and first aid
(a) What is negative peer pressure? (2 marks)
(b) State two ways to resist harmful peer pressure. (4 marks)
(c) Describe the correct first response to two minor accidents that might happen at school. (4 marks)

4. Rights and emergencies
(a) State one right of a child to protection. (2 marks)
(b) Identify two trusted people or agencies a pupil can ask for protection. (4 marks)
(c) Outline four pieces of important information to give when seeking emergency assistance. (4 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (d) act fairly and account for decisions
Question 2 – ✅ (b) Local government
Question 3 – ✅ (c) making and implementing rules for society
Question 4 – ✅ (b) Democracy
Question 5 – ✅ (d) registration, voting and counting of votes
Question 6 – ✅ (c) Vote buying
Question 7 – ✅ (b) They guide the process and protect fairness
Question 8 – ✅ (a) record a voter’s choice
Question 9 – ✅ (d) seeks political power through elections
Question 10 – ✅ (c) Several parties compete in elections
Question 11 – ✅ (a) influence public decisions on issues
Question 12 – ✅ (b) seeks to form government
Question 13 – ✅ (a) study regularly and avoid cheating
Question 14 – ✅ (d) Say no and seek support if necessary
Question 15 – ✅ (a) clean the wound and apply a clean dressing
Question 16 – ✅ (c) seek immediate adult or emergency help
Question 17 – ✅ (a) abuse and exploitation
Question 18 – ✅ (d) tell a trusted adult or responsible authority
Question 19 – ✅ (b) connects people to urgent assistance
Question 20 – ✅ (d) give a clear location and describe what happened
Question 21 – ✅ (a) accountability
Question 22 – ✅ (c) community services
Question 23 – ✅ (b) They help maintain order and protect rights
Question 24 – ✅ (a) Voters choose among candidates
Question 25 – ✅ (d) qualities and proposed service
Question 26 – ✅ (c) Buying votes with money
Question 27 – ✅ (b) treat voters and candidates fairly
Question 28 – ✅ (c) To explain candidates’ plans to voters
Question 29 – ✅ (d) Political party
Question 30 – ✅ (a) influence decisions on issues it supports
Question 31 – ✅ (c) positive peer influence
Question 32 – ✅ (b) Refuse and work independently
Question 33 – ✅ (c) ensure the scene is safe
Question 34 – ✅ (a) Clean dressing
Question 35 – ✅ (b) alert a responsible adult and seek emergency help
Question 36 – ✅ (a) abuse and exploitation
Question 37 – ✅ (d) tell a trusted adult promptly
Question 38 – ✅ (b) The location and nature of the problem
Question 39 – ✅ (c) Reporting dangerous situations quickly
Question 40 – ✅ (d) serve the public rather than personal interests

Theory Marking Scheme
Question 1:
(a) Fair, accountable and responsible public administration. (2 marks)
(b) Federal, state and local government. (4 marks)
(c) Better services, public trust and protection of rights. (4 marks)

Question 2:
(a) Processes for choosing leaders through voting. (2 marks)
(b) Registration, nominations, campaigning, voting, counting and announcing results. (4 marks)
(c) Political parties contest elections; pressure groups advocate issues. (4 marks)

Question 3:
(a) Harmful influence from peers to do wrong. (2 marks)
(b) Say no; leave situation; seek trusted adult. (4 marks)
(c) Minor cuts: clean and dress; serious injury: call adult/emergency help. (4 marks)

Question 4:
(a) Protection from abuse, neglect or exploitation. (2 marks)
(b) Parents, teachers, child-protection services or police. (4 marks)
(c) Give location, type of incident, number affected, name/contact where appropriate. (4 marks)

Mark correct equivalent answers, explanations and labelled work within the taught syllabus.