New Curriculum Second Term Islamic Studies examination for SS 1

Class: SSS 1
Term: Second Term
Subject: Islamic Religious Studies
Time: 2 Hours 30 Minutes
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer ALL 40 questions. Each question carries 1 mark.

1. A woman asks whether every form of ʿiddah lasts the same period. The most accurate first response is ________. (a) the circumstances of separation and pregnancy affect the applicable rule    (b) the waiting period is chosen solely by friends    (c) the rule never applies after death of a spouse    (d) every woman has exactly the same waiting period
2. A shop earns ₦15,000 profit on ₦100,000 sales. What is the profit margin on sales? (a) 6.7%    (b) 115%    (c) 15%    (d) 85%
3. Why is sincerity important in spiritual development? (a) An intention makes every harmful act harmless    (b) Actions should be directed by upright intention, not simply public approval    (c) Only visible gestures can have moral value    (d) Sincerity eliminates the need for study
4. A historian finds evidence of traders, teachers and rulers contributing to Islam’s spread. What interpretation best fits the evidence? (a) Diffusion involved several interacting social and political channels    (b) Every community converted at the same time    (c) Only one individual was responsible for the entire region    (d) Trade prevented religious interaction
5. A learner claims ʿiddah removes all financial and social rights. Why is this conclusion unsafe? (a) Family obligations disappear whenever conflict occurs    (b) A waiting period is automatically a criminal sentence    (c) No recognised tradition discusses rights during separation    (d) Rights and duties vary with the circumstances and must be determined from applicable rules
6. Which budgeting practice best expresses financial accountability in Islamic daily life? (a) Confuse loans with earned income    (b) Record income, lawful spending, obligations and savings transparently    (c) Spend first and invent records at month end    (d) Hide debts from all affected parties
7. A lesson comparing the purposes of nikāḥ with the rules of ṭalāq concludes that ________, rather than ignoring family duties. (a) all human relationships are governed by one simple slogan    (b) marriage creates no enforceable duties    (c) family law seeks to balance rights, responsibility and lawful procedures    (d) dissolution is an ideal first response to minor disagreement
8. A Muslim group organises study support for fellow Muslims. This particularly illustrates ________. (a) a requirement to exclude all non-Muslims    (b) commercial competition    (c) Islamic brotherhood based on shared faith    (d) the legal procedure of divorce
9. What ethical principle explains the shop owner’s decision to price goods without exploiting a shortage? (a) Profit can be earned only by making a loss    (b) Competition always requires dishonest information    (c) Fairness should guide profit-seeking decisions    (d) Demand makes business ethics unnecessary
10. A pupil insists that a verbal argument automatically settles every divorce question. The sounder approach is to ________. (a) assume every dispute has the same legal result    (b) ask neighbours to vote on the validity    (c) examine the facts and applicable juristic rules before reaching a conclusion    (d) ignore whether anything was actually pronounced
11. A trader wants an SME to be trusted in the community. Which practice has the strongest long-term benefit? (a) Alter agreed prices after delivery    (b) Erase every complaint without investigation    (c) Maintain truthful stock and payment records    (d) Hide product limitations in advertisements
12. Why should the rules governing ṭalāq be taught with social responsibilities? (a) Any family concern makes the topic unteachable    (b) Only the pronunciation matters, never the people affected    (c) Legal procedure automatically eliminates emotional harm    (d) The consequences can affect spouses, children and wider family welfare
13. A student says human brotherhood contradicts Islamic brotherhood. The best correction is ________. (a) humanity has no ethical significance    (b) religious fellowship removes neighbourly obligations    (c) cooperation requires identical beliefs    (d) shared faith and shared humanity can both create duties of care
14. A student confuses divorce-related ʿiddah with widowhood-related ʿiddah. What distinction must the student make? (a) Neither has implications for remarriage    (b) Both are entirely unrelated to family law    (c) Only marriage ceremonies can start any waiting period    (d) The triggering events differ and the legal details should be studied separately
15. Which action best respects the dignity of a person observing ʿiddah? (a) Give accurate information and avoid intrusive or stigmatising rumours    (b) Assume the same rule fits every situation    (c) Press the person to violate recognised obligations    (d) Publish unverified details about the person’s marriage
16. A trader mislabels damaged goods as new. Which Islamic business principle is most clearly violated? (a) Fair fulfilment of contracts    (b) Mutual consent informed by facts    (c) Honesty and truthful disclosure    (d) Responsible record keeping
17. A learner wants to develop spiritual self-discipline. Which routine best supports tazkiyah? (a) Public criticism of others without self-examination    (b) Regular self-reflection, worship and correction of harmful habits    (c) Avoiding responsibility for past behaviour    (d) Seeking praise as the sole motive for worship
18. Which claim about ṭalāq is NOT a responsible statement of Islamic family law? (a) Family rights and duties require attention    (b) Legal advice should be sensitive to circumstances    (c) Every angry exchange has one universally agreed legal consequence    (d) The subject has recognised categories
19. A household earns ₦120,000 monthly, spends ₦94,000 and saves the remainder. What is the monthly saving? (a) ₦26,000    (b) ₦214,000    (c) ₦94,000    (d) ₦36,000
20. What is the strongest reason to examine written chronicles alongside oral accounts of Islam in West Africa? (a) Different sources can corroborate or qualify historical claims    (b) Oral accounts always describe one event identically    (c) Written records automatically contain no bias    (d) Historical evidence is irrelevant to religious history
21. A dispute involves uncertain legal details. Which response is most appropriate for a school learner? (a) Tell the parties that legal distinctions never matter    (b) Provide a binding decision based on social media    (c) Treat rumours as sufficient evidence    (d) Identify the general principles and seek qualified guidance rather than issue a personal ruling
22. Why is informed agreement important in entrepreneurship from an Islamic ethical perspective? (a) Contracts matter only after public complaints    (b) Trust removes the need for accurate pricing    (c) A seller may conceal defects if business is difficult    (d) A buyer should understand material terms rather than be deceived
23. What historical assumption is weak in the claim that all West African Islamic practices developed identically? (a) comparing oral and written evidence    (b) ignoring differences in time, place and local institutions    (c) studying scholarly networks    (d) recognising the role of exchange
24. A small business sells 24 items at ₦2,500 each and pays ₦42,000 total costs. What is its operating surplus? (a) ₦18,000    (b) ₦60,000    (c) ₦102,000    (d) ₦42,000
25. Why is it misleading to teach that all forms of ṭalāq have identical consequences? (a) Some distinctions concern revocability and the circumstances of dissolution    (b) Every divorce happens outside family law    (c) No juristic terminology exists for divorce    (d) All marriages are terminated by the same ritual
26. Which school policy most fairly applies the two ideas of brotherhood together? (a) Treat outsiders as less deserving of safety    (b) Support religious fellowship while protecting the dignity and rights of everyone    (c) Make charity conditional on adopting a particular faith    (d) Use differences in belief to excuse insults
27. The main reason the concept of ʿiddah includes a waiting period is ________. (a) preventing all forms of family assistance    (b) publicly shaming the person affected    (c) protecting rights and clarifying family responsibilities during transition    (d) replacing every legal procedure with gossip
28. All these may support tazkiyah EXCEPT ________. (a) remembering Allah    (b) treating deliberate dishonesty as a harmless habit    (c) repenting after wrongdoing    (d) practising restraint in relationships
29. Why should the legal ruling on ʿiddah not be inferred from a single online sentence? (a) Different cases and recognised interpretations require careful context    (b) All online sources provide identical details    (c) The rule is only a cultural invention    (d) The Qur’an and Sunnah have no relevance
30. What is the prudent response to an investment promising high returns without explaining its operations? (a) invest immediately because returns are large    (b) request transparent terms and assess ethical and financial risks    (c) ignore all contractual conditions    (d) recruit others before understanding the proposal
31. Which process most clearly assisted the spread of Islam through West African towns? (a) Commercial networks linking merchants and centres of learning    (b) Exclusive use of modern broadcast media    (c) A single uniform conversion imposed across all regions    (d) Absence of all contact among communities
32. All these support ethical entrepreneurship EXCEPT ________. (a) concealing a known fault to increase revenue    (b) keeping intelligible transaction records    (c) weighing goods accurately    (d) fulfilling agreed delivery dates
33. The correct step in studying a complex ʿiddah case is to ________. (a) replace the facts with popular opinion    (b) turn family law into a public debate    (c) guarantee an answer that pleases everyone    (d) apply the relevant rules to the actual facts without oversimplification
34. Ukhuwwah Islāmiyyah and Ukhuwwah Insāniyyah differ chiefly in the scope of the relationship. Which example illustrates human brotherhood? (a) Restricting kindness to business partners    (b) Helping flood victims regardless of their religion    (c) Assisting only members of one’s own study group    (d) Refusing aid to neighbours of another faith
35. An association receives donations for a stated purpose. Which action best reflects amānah, or trustworthiness? (a) Avoid recording payments to reduce questions    (b) Transfer funds secretly to unrelated personal expenses    (c) Assume accountability is unnecessary when donors are friends    (d) Use funds for their stated purpose and issue clear accounts
36. Two suppliers offer similar goods, but one repeatedly fails to deliver on time. Which decision best reflects responsible enterprise management? (a) Ignore the effect on customers    (b) Choose only the lowest stated price without checking history    (c) Accept informal promises as equivalent to performance    (d) Compare price, reliability and ethical conduct before contracting
37. A student promotes ṭalāq as a casual tool for punishing a spouse. What is the strongest ethical objection? (a) Concern for reconciliation is always irrelevant    (b) Marriage dissolution affects rights and welfare and must not be trivialised    (c) Spouses have no rights after disagreement    (d) The process exists only for public entertainment
38. How should the term ṭalāq be understood in Islamic family law? (a) the initial offer of marriage    (b) a compulsory form of almsgiving    (c) the pledge made before pilgrimage    (d) a form of dissolution of marriage initiated by the husband under legal rules
39. Tazkiyah is most closely associated with ________. (a) the selection of a marriage witness    (b) purification and development of the inner moral self    (c) a procedure for converting currencies    (d) the classification of livestock breeds
40. ________ is the concept most closely associated with ʿiddah in Islamic family law. (a) the division of the Qur’an into sections    (b) the charitable tax on accumulated wealth    (c) a prescribed waiting period following specified marital circumstances    (d) the appointment of a mosque leader

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO questions. Each question carries 10 marks. Each sub-question carries 5 marks.

Question 1 (10 Marks)
(a) Explain the purpose of ʿiddah and why the waiting period requires attention to the circumstances of the marriage’s ending. (5 marks)
(b) Identify three responsibilities that should guide treatment of a person observing ʿiddah and explain two risks of public misinformation. (5 marks)

Question 2 (10 Marks)
(a) Define ṭalāq and explain why its categories and consequences cannot be reduced to a single rule for every family situation. (5 marks)
(b) Discuss five ethical considerations important to married people and families when separation is contemplated. (5 marks)

Question 3 (10 Marks)
(a) Distinguish Ukhuwwah Islāmiyyah from Ukhuwwah Insāniyyah, with three examples of civic behaviour that respect both. (5 marks)
(b) A shop sells 40 items at ₦3,000 each; cost is ₦95,000. Calculate the surplus and suggest three business practices consistent with Islamic ethics. (5 marks)

Question 4 (10 Marks)
(a) Explain five principles of financial management and amānah in operating a small enterprise. (5 marks)
(b) Discuss three factors involved in Islam’s spread in West Africa and give two everyday practices that support tazkiyah. (5 marks)

OBJECTIVE MARKING SCHEME (40 Marks)
Question 1 – ✅ (a) the circumstances of separation and pregnancy affect the applicable rule
Question 2 – ✅ (c) 15%
Question 3 – ✅ (b) Actions should be directed by upright intention, not simply public approval
Question 4 – ✅ (a) Diffusion involved several interacting social and political channels
Question 5 – ✅ (d) Rights and duties vary with the circumstances and must be determined from applicable rules
Question 6 – ✅ (b) Record income, lawful spending, obligations and savings transparently
Question 7 – ✅ (c) family law seeks to balance rights, responsibility and lawful procedures
Question 8 – ✅ (c) Islamic brotherhood based on shared faith
Question 9 – ✅ (c) Fairness should guide profit-seeking decisions
Question 10 – ✅ (c) examine the facts and applicable juristic rules before reaching a conclusion
Question 11 – ✅ (c) Maintain truthful stock and payment records
Question 12 – ✅ (d) The consequences can affect spouses, children and wider family welfare
Question 13 – ✅ (d) shared faith and shared humanity can both create duties of care
Question 14 – ✅ (d) The triggering events differ and the legal details should be studied separately
Question 15 – ✅ (a) Give accurate information and avoid intrusive or stigmatising rumours
Question 16 – ✅ (c) Honesty and truthful disclosure
Question 17 – ✅ (b) Regular self-reflection, worship and correction of harmful habits
Question 18 – ✅ (c) Every angry exchange has one universally agreed legal consequence
Question 19 – ✅ (a) ₦26,000
Question 20 – ✅ (a) Different sources can corroborate or qualify historical claims
Question 21 – ✅ (d) Identify the general principles and seek qualified guidance rather than issue a personal ruling
Question 22 – ✅ (d) A buyer should understand material terms rather than be deceived
Question 23 – ✅ (b) ignoring differences in time, place and local institutions
Question 24 – ✅ (a) ₦18,000
Question 25 – ✅ (a) Some distinctions concern revocability and the circumstances of dissolution
Question 26 – ✅ (b) Support religious fellowship while protecting the dignity and rights of everyone
Question 27 – ✅ (c) protecting rights and clarifying family responsibilities during transition
Question 28 – ✅ (b) treating deliberate dishonesty as a harmless habit
Question 29 – ✅ (a) Different cases and recognised interpretations require careful context
Question 30 – ✅ (b) request transparent terms and assess ethical and financial risks
Question 31 – ✅ (a) Commercial networks linking merchants and centres of learning
Question 32 – ✅ (a) concealing a known fault to increase revenue
Question 33 – ✅ (d) apply the relevant rules to the actual facts without oversimplification
Question 34 – ✅ (b) Helping flood victims regardless of their religion
Question 35 – ✅ (d) Use funds for their stated purpose and issue clear accounts
Question 36 – ✅ (d) Compare price, reliability and ethical conduct before contracting
Question 37 – ✅ (b) Marriage dissolution affects rights and welfare and must not be trivialised
Question 38 – ✅ (d) a form of dissolution of marriage initiated by the husband under legal rules
Question 39 – ✅ (b) purification and development of the inner moral self
Question 40 – ✅ (c) a prescribed waiting period following specified marital circumstances

THEORY MARKING SCHEME (Answer 3 × 10 = 30 Marks)
Question 1 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: meaning 1, family rights 1, pregnancy/circumstance 1, distinguish widowhood/divorce 1, seek qualified guidance 1.
(b) 5 marks: dignity 1, correct legal information 1, social support 1, stigma 1, harmful advice 1.
Question 2 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: definition 1, recognition of categories 1, circumstances 1, rights 1, juristic guidance 1.
(b) 5 marks: fairness 1, avoiding abuse 1, children/dependants 1, accurate advice 1, reconciliation/respectful communication 1.
Question 3 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: two distinctions/definitions 2, three examples 1 each.
(b) 5 marks: revenue ₦120,000 1, surplus ₦25,000 1, truthful disclosure 1, fair terms 1, records/fulfilment 1.
Question 4 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: budget 1, records 1, honesty 1, obligations 1, risk/appropriate spending 1.
(b) 5 marks: trade 1, teaching/scholarship 1, rulers/social contact 1, reflection 1, prayer/ethical reform 1.