New Curriculum Second Term Citizenship and Heritage Studies examination for SS 1

Class: SSS 1
Term: Second Term
Subject: Citizenship and Heritage Studies
Time: 2 Hours 30 Minutes
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer ALL 40 questions. Each question carries 1 mark.

1. A state assembly debates a proposal affecting a matter outside its powers. What should be examined first? (a) The popularity of the bill’s name    (b) Whether the bill has colourful illustrations    (c) The constitutional distribution of legislative competence    (d) The number of chairs in the chamber
2. A pedestrian approaches a crossing while vehicles are moving quickly. Which safe behaviour best applies traffic regulations? (a) Cross between moving buses to save time    (b) Ignore a traffic officer’s lawful direction    (c) Assume painted markings physically stop cars    (d) Use the designated crossing and check that vehicles have stopped
3. Which institution is most relevant to maintaining law through formal adjudication of disputes? (a) The courts acting within their lawful jurisdiction    (b) An anonymous social-media page    (c) A private rumour network    (d) An unaccountable political club
4. A mediator hears only one party before making a decision. What is the procedural weakness? (a) Compromise is always impossible    (b) The other party has not had a fair opportunity to be heard    (c) Mediation must always reject evidence    (d) Discussion itself violates public order
5. A school prohibits peaceful disagreement solely because it is inconvenient. Which right-related value is most directly at stake? (a) A guarantee that every opinion is correct    (b) Freedom of expression within applicable legal limits    (c) A right to defame other pupils    (d) An exemption from school safety rules
6. Which action is NOT an appropriate response to a social vice? (a) Applying clear consequences consistently    (b) Supporting affected pupils    (c) Retaliating against an accused person without evidence or fair procedure    (d) Reporting credible concerns
7. A friend shows signs of substance misuse. The responsible first step is to ________. (a) provide unverified substances as a cure    (b) assume punishment alone will address the problem    (c) share humiliating videos to warn others    (d) encourage access to trusted adult and professional support without stigma
8. A rumour about one religious community spreads during a local dispute. What is the most constructive interfaith response? (a) Verify the facts and support calm dialogue among affected parties    (b) Publish the allegation without checking    (c) Discourage contact between neighbours permanently    (d) Treat all members as responsible for one claim
9. An online group reposts an unverified claim about a classmate. What is the principal social-media risk? (a) A guaranteed correction mechanism    (b) Improved accuracy through repetition    (c) Rapid amplification of false information and reputational harm    (d) Automatic legal protection for all posts
10. A ministry announces a health policy without consulting implementers or affected families. Which stage is most clearly weak? (a) Giving the policy a title    (b) Stakeholder consultation during policy formulation    (c) Recording the minister’s signature    (d) Printing the final document
11. A school finds repeated bullying near an unmonitored corridor. Which preventive measure is most appropriate? (a) Punish all students without investigating    (b) Publish victims’ identities for publicity    (c) Strengthen supervision and confidential reporting, with fair follow-up    (d) Ignore patterns because they occur outside classrooms
12. An interfaith meeting includes people who disagree on religious doctrines. Its civic purpose should primarily be to ________. (a) build respectful relationships without requiring identical beliefs    (b) rank communities by their political influence    (c) make every participant abandon personal faith    (d) prevent any discussion of shared concerns
13. A community wants to reduce youth substance harms. Which approach is most comprehensive? (a) Concealment of every health concern    (b) Education, supportive services and protective social conditions    (c) Unverified home remedies promoted as policy    (d) Only public insults toward affected families
14. A market association imposes sanctions without informing members of the rule. Which concern is strongest? (a) The association is using too much written evidence    (b) Sanctions are always unlawful regardless of process    (c) Fair notice and consistent procedure are missing    (d) Members have no duties under any rules
15. The correct step after discovering an impersonation account is to ________. (a) preserve relevant evidence and report it through appropriate channels    (b) publish the victim’s private details as retaliation    (c) share the account to attract followers    (d) send passwords to the impersonator
16. A proposal contains a goal but no funding plan or responsible agency. What key weakness does this create? (a) Implementation and accountability are difficult to establish    (b) The policy becomes automatically unconstitutional    (c) The goal can no longer be debated    (d) All citizens become responsible for funding it privately
17. A federal bill and a state bill concern different legislative jurisdictions. Which principle is most relevant? (a) Nigeria’s federal structure distributes lawmaking responsibilities    (b) A local school council can overrule the National Assembly    (c) Every state assembly is a committee of the judiciary    (d) All laws must originate from traditional councils
18. Which statement best distinguishes drug use from drug misuse in civic education? (a) All substances affect every person identically    (b) Risks depend on the substance, context and whether use follows safe, lawful guidance    (c) Dependence is always obvious at first contact    (d) Every medically prescribed use is automatically abuse
19. A driver ignores a red light because the road seems empty. Which principle is violated? (a) The duty to maintain vehicle lights    (b) The practice of checking tyres    (c) The right to use a designated lane    (d) Predictable obedience to traffic control for everyone’s safety
20. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is studied to show ________. (a) that rights require no duties or safeguards    (b) that every country has identical enforcement institutions    (c) that constitutional rights can never be limited lawfully    (d) the development of widely recognised principles of human dignity and rights
21. An inter-school project succeeds because each team handles a different task. The chief benefit of cooperation is ________. (a) guaranteeing that every participant agrees    (b) combining complementary resources and abilities    (c) preventing any assessment of results    (d) removing the need for accountability
22. Which action is NOT a sensible part of public-policy evaluation? (a) Collecting evidence about effects    (b) Comparing outcomes with targets    (c) Changing reported results to match original promises    (d) Reviewing unintended consequences
23. A student is pressured to join a gang to avoid bullying. Which response best addresses both dangers? (a) Conceal all violence from responsible adults    (b) Accept membership as the only source of safety    (c) Seek trusted support, document threats and use school protection procedures    (d) Threaten younger pupils to gain status
24. Why is legislative oversight of public spending significant? (a) It gives legislators personal ownership of the treasury    (b) It replaces court adjudication in all disputes    (c) It helps hold the executive accountable for authorised use of public funds    (d) It permits lawmakers to ignore budget procedures
25. The main reason interfaith service can benefit a community is that ________. (a) only formal religious leaders may participate    (b) religious difference makes public service impossible    (c) different faith groups can act together on a common civic need    (d) cooperation requires one shared creed
26. Why are speed limits used near schools? (a) To make every journey the same duration    (b) To exempt commercial vehicles from caution    (c) To eliminate the need for road maintenance    (d) To reduce collision risk and allow safer stopping around pedestrians
27. Which social-media habit best supports responsible networking? (a) Check privacy settings, verify content and communicate respectfully    (b) Post location details of unwilling classmates    (c) Assume deleted posts can never be recovered    (d) Use threats to settle disagreement
28. A community adopts traffic regulations but enforcement is arbitrary. What rule-of-law issue arises? (a) Rules should be applied fairly and predictably    (b) Every enforcement action is legitimate if force is used    (c) Only famous residents need obey published laws    (d) Written rules have no relationship to order
29. An awareness campaign explains both health consequences and sources of help. Why is this better than fear-based messaging alone? (a) It removes the need for accurate health information    (b) It connects prevention information with realistic support options    (c) It proves that misuse is only a moral label    (d) It encourages secrecy about available services
30. All these are defensible statements about fundamental human rights EXCEPT ________. (a) Legal remedies can support protection    (b) Rights belong only to citizens with high incomes    (c) Rights are linked to human dignity    (d) States have duties toward people under their jurisdiction
31. Two neighbourhood groups dispute use of a shared hall. Which peaceful process offers the strongest chance of cooperation? (a) Publicise unverified accusations    (b) Give one side permanent control without discussion    (c) Listen to both sides, agree on fair rules and document a shared schedule    (d) Assume that disagreement always requires violence
32. Where a rights claim affects another person’s safety, the soundest legal approach is to ________, rather than assume all rights are unlimited. (a) consider the applicable law and whether any restriction is justified and proportionate    (b) assume all rights are unlimited in every context    (c) ignore judicial remedies completely    (d) grant preference to the wealthier person
33. An organisation measures engagement only by the number of reposts. What important limitation remains? (a) Engagement automatically means consent    (b) Posts with few reactions cannot be useful    (c) Every repost proves a statement true    (d) Popularity does not establish accuracy or positive social impact
34. Which action would undermine interfaith trust most directly? (a) Clarifying points of disagreement respectfully    (b) Listening carefully to expressed concerns    (c) Agreeing on shared safety procedures    (d) Using a meeting to insult participants’ sacred beliefs
35. Peaceful coexistence does NOT require ________. (a) constructive management of disputes    (b) the disappearance of all cultural and religious differences    (c) respect for lawful rights    (d) willingness to cooperate on shared needs
36. ________ is the relevant public benefit of regulating capital markets to discourage misconduct. (a) removal of every market risk    (b) greater investor protection and confidence through oversight    (c) automatic compensation for poor decisions    (d) guaranteed profits on all investments
37. A programme reaches only 40% of its intended schools. What should policymakers do before declaring success? (a) Assume a written policy always equals full implementation    (b) Replace the outcome figures with publicity    (c) Ignore schools not yet reached    (d) Compare implementation evidence with the stated goals and revise where necessary
38. Traffic regulations are effective only when road users ________. (a) assume they apply only to private cars    (b) know their names without changing conduct    (c) rely entirely on other people to prevent collisions    (d) understand and follow them with consistent enforcement
39. Why does examination malpractice harm more than the individual candidate? (a) It weakens fairness and the credibility of assessment results    (b) It affects only the printing cost of scripts    (c) It makes grading more objective    (d) It guarantees that all candidates learn faster
40. The National Assembly’s two chambers make it ________. (a) unicameral    (b) an executive ministry    (c) a judicial tribunal    (d) bicameral

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO questions. Each question carries 10 marks. Each sub-question carries 5 marks.

Question 1 (10 Marks)
(a) Describe the stages from policy formulation to evaluation and explain why evidence matters at each major stage. (5 marks)
(b) Compare the National Assembly with state houses of assembly and give three legislative or oversight responsibilities. (5 marks)

Question 2 (10 Marks)
(a) A false religious allegation goes viral in a mixed community. Propose five actions combining interfaith understanding and responsible social networking. (5 marks)
(b) Explain three benefits of law and order and two reasons fair regulation matters to financial markets. (5 marks)

Question 3 (10 Marks)
(a) Compare five important features or protections of fundamental human rights, with one example of how rights may require lawful balancing. (5 marks)
(b) A school reports bullying, gang pressure and examination malpractice. Suggest five preventive and protective measures. (5 marks)

Question 4 (10 Marks)
(a) Explain four elements of a community prevention programme for drug and substance harms and one supportive referral step. (5 marks)
(b) Describe three road-user safety duties and two steps for resolving a dispute peacefully. (5 marks)

OBJECTIVE MARKING SCHEME (40 Marks)
Question 1 – ✅ (c) The constitutional distribution of legislative competence
Question 2 – ✅ (d) Use the designated crossing and check that vehicles have stopped
Question 3 – ✅ (a) The courts acting within their lawful jurisdiction
Question 4 – ✅ (b) The other party has not had a fair opportunity to be heard
Question 5 – ✅ (b) Freedom of expression within applicable legal limits
Question 6 – ✅ (c) Retaliating against an accused person without evidence or fair procedure
Question 7 – ✅ (d) encourage access to trusted adult and professional support without stigma
Question 8 – ✅ (a) Verify the facts and support calm dialogue among affected parties
Question 9 – ✅ (c) Rapid amplification of false information and reputational harm
Question 10 – ✅ (b) Stakeholder consultation during policy formulation
Question 11 – ✅ (c) Strengthen supervision and confidential reporting, with fair follow-up
Question 12 – ✅ (a) build respectful relationships without requiring identical beliefs
Question 13 – ✅ (b) Education, supportive services and protective social conditions
Question 14 – ✅ (c) Fair notice and consistent procedure are missing
Question 15 – ✅ (a) preserve relevant evidence and report it through appropriate channels
Question 16 – ✅ (a) Implementation and accountability are difficult to establish
Question 17 – ✅ (a) Nigeria’s federal structure distributes lawmaking responsibilities
Question 18 – ✅ (b) Risks depend on the substance, context and whether use follows safe, lawful guidance
Question 19 – ✅ (d) Predictable obedience to traffic control for everyone’s safety
Question 20 – ✅ (d) the development of widely recognised principles of human dignity and rights
Question 21 – ✅ (b) combining complementary resources and abilities
Question 22 – ✅ (c) Changing reported results to match original promises
Question 23 – ✅ (c) Seek trusted support, document threats and use school protection procedures
Question 24 – ✅ (c) It helps hold the executive accountable for authorised use of public funds
Question 25 – ✅ (c) different faith groups can act together on a common civic need
Question 26 – ✅ (d) To reduce collision risk and allow safer stopping around pedestrians
Question 27 – ✅ (a) Check privacy settings, verify content and communicate respectfully
Question 28 – ✅ (a) Rules should be applied fairly and predictably
Question 29 – ✅ (b) It connects prevention information with realistic support options
Question 30 – ✅ (b) Rights belong only to citizens with high incomes
Question 31 – ✅ (c) Listen to both sides, agree on fair rules and document a shared schedule
Question 32 – ✅ (a) consider the applicable law and whether any restriction is justified and proportionate
Question 33 – ✅ (d) Popularity does not establish accuracy or positive social impact
Question 34 – ✅ (d) Using a meeting to insult participants’ sacred beliefs
Question 35 – ✅ (b) the disappearance of all cultural and religious differences
Question 36 – ✅ (b) greater investor protection and confidence through oversight
Question 37 – ✅ (d) Compare implementation evidence with the stated goals and revise where necessary
Question 38 – ✅ (d) understand and follow them with consistent enforcement
Question 39 – ✅ (a) It weakens fairness and the credibility of assessment results
Question 40 – ✅ (d) bicameral

THEORY MARKING SCHEME (Answer 3 × 10 = 30 Marks)
Question 1 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: problem identification 1, consultation 1, adoption 1, implementation 1, evaluation 1.
(b) 5 marks: two structural/jurisdictional distinctions 2, lawmaking 1, budget/approval 1, oversight 1.
Question 2 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: verify 1, stop forwarding 1, protect dignity 1, dialogue 1, report harmful content 1.
(b) 5 marks: safety 1, predictable rules 1, dispute resolution 1, protection 1, investor confidence 1.
Question 3 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: dignity 1, equality 1, enforceability 1, universality 1, proportionate limitation explained 1.
(b) 5 marks: confidential reporting 1, counselling 1, supervision 1, fair discipline 1, honest exam controls 1.
Question 4 (10 Marks)
(a) 5 marks: accurate information 1, protective activities 1, non-stigmatising support 1, family/school collaboration 1, referral 1.
(b) 5 marks: obey signals 1, pedestrian awareness 1, speed/safety 1, listening 1, fair agreement 1.