Second Term Beauty and Cosmetology revision for SS 1

Class: SS 1
Term: Second Term
Week: 11
Age: 15 years
Duration: 60 minutes
Subject: Beauty and Cosmetology
Curriculum Theme: Revision
Focal competence: Integration of the term’s curriculum competencies
Key competencies/values: Critical Thinking; Communication
Skills:

• Curriculum skills covered in Weeks 1-10

Previous Lesson: Personal and Family Funding Sources
Topic: Revision and Consolidation
Subject Matter: core term topics, taught skills, common misconceptions, revision exercises

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils/students should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• Recall the key concepts taught during the term.

Psychomotor Domain

• Apply the term’s knowledge and skills in written tasks.
• Demonstrate the term’s knowledge and skills in oral tasks.
• Perform practical tasks related to the term’s skills.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 2025 New Revised Senior Secondary Education Curriculum (SSEC)
• Relevant State Unified Scheme of Work
• Approved Beauty and Cosmetology textbook for SS 1
• The HeadTeacher Scheme of work For The New Revised Senior Secondary Education Curriculum (SSEC)

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Class notes and approved textbooks
• Past questions/revision exercises
• Whiteboard/Chalkboard
• Markers/Chalk

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson is essential for reinforcing students’ understanding of the core Beauty and Cosmetology concepts and skills covered throughout the term. It provides an opportunity to identify and address areas of difficulty, ensuring students are well-prepared for assessments and can confidently apply their knowledge in practical situations.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Students should have prior knowledge of fundamental concepts in Beauty and Cosmetology, including basic hygiene, skin care, hair care, manicure, pedicure, and salon tools, as covered in Weeks 1-10 of the Second Term.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Revision and Consolidation

Hygiene and Sanitation in the Salon

Maintaining a high standard of hygiene and sanitation is paramount in any beauty salon to prevent the spread of infections and ensure client safety. Key aspects include:

1. Personal Hygiene: Cosmetologists must maintain personal cleanliness, including clean hands, short nails, clean uniform, and good body odour.
2. Salon Hygiene: The salon environment must be kept clean, tidy, and well-ventilated. This includes floors, workstations, mirrors, and reception areas.
3. Sterilization: The complete destruction of all forms of microbial life, including spores. Methods include heat (autoclave) and chemical sterilants.
4. Disinfection: The process of destroying most harmful microorganisms on inanimate surfaces. Disinfectants are used on tools and surfaces, but not typically on skin.
5. Antisepsis: The process of inhibiting the growth of microorganisms on living tissue, such as skin, using antiseptics.

Basic Skin Care

Skin care involves practices that support skin integrity, enhance its appearance, and relieve skin conditions. Understanding skin types is fundamental:

1. Normal Skin: Well-balanced, neither too oily nor too dry, with small pores.
2. Dry Skin: Lacks moisture and natural oils, often feels tight, flaky, or rough.
3. Oily Skin: Produces excess sebum, leading to a shiny appearance, enlarged pores, and prone to acne.
4. Combination Skin: Features both oily and dry areas, typically an oily T-zone (forehead, nose, chin) and drier cheeks.
5. Sensitive Skin: Easily irritated, prone to redness, itching, or burning sensations.

A basic skin care routine includes:

1. Cleansing: Removes dirt, oil, and makeup.
2. Toning: Balances skin pH and removes residual impurities.
3. Moisturizing: Hydrates the skin and creates a protective barrier.

Basic Hair Care

Hair care involves maintaining the health and appearance of hair. Understanding hair structure and types is important:

1. Hair Structure: Composed of keratin, with three main parts:
   1. Cuticle: Outermost layer, protects the inner layers.
   2. Cortex: Middle layer, provides strength, colour, and texture.
   3. Medulla: Innermost core, not always present in all hair types.
2. Hair Types:
   1. Straight Hair: Lacks curl, lies flat.
   2. Wavy Hair: Forms an ‘S’ shape.
   3. Curly Hair: Forms distinct curls.
   4. Coily Hair: Tightly coiled, often with a zig-zag pattern.

Essential hair care practices include:

1. Shampooing: Cleanses the scalp and hair, removing dirt and excess oil.
2. Conditioning: Hydrates, detangles, and smooths the hair cuticle.
3. Treatments: Deep conditioning, protein treatments, or hot oil treatments for specific hair needs.

Manicure and Pedicure Fundamentals

Manicure and pedicure are cosmetic beauty treatments for the fingernails and toenails, respectively. They involve:

1. Tools and Equipment:
   1. Nail File: Shapes the nails.
   2. Cuticle Pusher: Pushes back cuticles.
   3. Nail Clipper: Trims nails.
   4. Nail Buffer: Smoothes and shines the nail surface.
   5. Orange Wood Stick: Used for cleaning under nails and pushing cuticles.
   6. Foot File/Pumice Stone: Removes dead skin from feet (pedicure).
2. Basic Procedure (Manicure):
   1. Sanitize hands.
   2. Remove old polish.
   3. Shape nails.
   4. Soak hands in warm water.
   5. Push back/trim cuticles (carefully).
   6. Massage hands with lotion.
   7. Apply base coat, two coats of colour, and top coat.
3. Basic Procedure (Pedicure): Similar to manicure but includes foot soak, exfoliation, and removal of calluses.

Salon Tools and Equipment

Proper identification, use, and maintenance of salon tools are crucial for efficiency and safety:

1. Hairdressing Tools:
   1. Combs and Brushes: Detangling, styling, sectioning.
   2. Scissors/Shears: Cutting hair.
   3. Hair Dryers: Drying hair.
   4. Curling Irons/Straighteners: Styling hair.
   5. Hair Clippers/Trimmers: Short hair cutting and detailing.
2. Skincare Tools:
   1. Facial Steamer: Opens pores.
   2. Magnifying Lamp: Allows close inspection of skin.
   3. Spatulas: Applying products hygienically.
3. Nail Care Tools: (As listed under Manicure and Pedicure)
4. General Salon Equipment:
   1. Styling Chairs: Adjustable for client comfort.
   2. Shampoo Bowls: For washing hair.
   3. Trolleys/Carts: Organising tools and products.
   4. Sterilizers/Disinfectant Jars: For tool sanitation.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Question and Answer, Explanation, Guided Practice, Practical Activity, Review of Past Questions

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Activating Prior Knowledge

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher welcomes the students and informs them that the lesson is a revision of key topics covered during the term. The teacher asks students to briefly mention any topic they remember from the term.

Pupils’ Activity: Students respond by mentioning various topics they recall.

Learning Point: Term topics recall

Step 2: Review of Hygiene and Sanitation

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Questioning

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher leads a discussion on hygiene and sanitation, asking questions about personal hygiene, salon hygiene, sterilization, and disinfection. The teacher clarifies any misconceptions.

Pupils’ Activity: Students answer questions and contribute to the discussion, clarifying their understanding.

Learning Point: Hygiene and sanitation principles

Step 3: Revision of Basic Skin Care

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Recall

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher reviews the different skin types and the basic skin care routine (cleansing, toning, moisturizing). The teacher may ask students to describe each step.

Pupils’ Activity: Students identify skin types and explain the steps of a basic skin care routine.

Learning Point: Skin care fundamentals

Step 4: Revision of Basic Hair Care

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Concept Reinforcement

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher revisits hair structure, hair types, and essential hair care practices like shampooing and conditioning. The teacher asks students to differentiate between hair types.

Pupils’ Activity: Students describe hair structure and types, and explain hair care practices.

Learning Point: Hair care concepts

Step 5: Revision of Manicure and Pedicure

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Practical Application Review

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher reviews the tools and basic procedures for manicure and pedicure. The teacher may ask students to list the tools or describe a step in the process.

Pupils’ Activity: Students list tools and outline the steps for manicure/pedicure.

Learning Point: Nail care procedures

Step 6: Revision of Salon Tools and Equipment

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Identification and Function

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher prompts students to recall various salon tools and equipment, asking about their uses and maintenance. The teacher addresses any forgotten items.

Pupils’ Activity: Students identify tools and state their functions and maintenance tips.

Learning Point: Salon tools and uses

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. List three essential practices for personal hygiene in a salon.
2. Differentiate between sterilization and disinfection.
3. Name two common skin types and describe their characteristics.
4. Outline the basic steps of a manicure.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Term concepts assessed

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Consolidation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarises the importance of revising all the topics covered and encourages students to continue studying their notes and textbooks for the upcoming examinations. The teacher wishes them success.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and ask any final questions.

Learning Point: Overall term review

Lesson Keywords

• Hygiene – Practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease.
• Sanitation – Measures for protecting public health, especially by providing clean drinking water and sewage disposal.
• Sterilization – Complete destruction of all microbial life.
• Disinfection – Destruction of most harmful microorganisms on non-living surfaces.
• Antisepsis – Inhibition of microbial growth on living tissue.
• Skin Types – Classifications of skin based on oil production and sensitivity (e.g., normal, dry, oily, combination, sensitive).
• Manicure – Cosmetic treatment for fingernails and hands.
• Pedicure – Cosmetic treatment for toenails and feet.
• Cuticle – The layer of dead skin cells at the base of the nail.
• Hair Structure – The composition of hair, including cuticle, cortex, and medulla.

Differentiation

For students who are struggling, the teacher will provide simplified explanations and focus on the most fundamental concepts, offering one-on-one support during revision exercises. Advanced learners will be challenged with more complex questions from past examinations and encouraged to explain concepts to their peers, fostering deeper understanding.

Suggested Lesson Videos

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