New Curriculum Second term Basic Science and Technology examination for Primary 4

Class: Primary 4
Term: Second Term
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer all questions. Each question carries 1 mark.

1. Which part of the mouth helps move food during chewing? (a) Lips    (b) Cheeks    (c) Gums    (d) Tongue
2. The lips assist mainly in ________. (a) breaking hard food into small pieces    (b) producing saliva inside the mouth    (c) holding food in the mouth and forming speech sounds    (d) grinding food with a flat surface
3. Which teeth are most suitable for cutting food? (a) Molars    (b) Incisors    (c) Premolars    (d) Canines
4. The pointed teeth used mainly for tearing food are ________. (a) premolars    (b) molars    (c) incisors    (d) canines
5. Which teeth have broad surfaces suitable for grinding food? (a) Incisors    (b) Molars    (c) Canines    (d) Front teeth
6. A labelled drawing of the mouth should place the tongue ________. (a) inside the mouth below the teeth    (b) behind the nose    (c) outside the cheeks    (d) above the upper lip
7. Rocks are best described as naturally occurring ________. (a) liquid substances found in rivers    (b) solid masses of mineral material    (c) objects produced only in factories    (d) living materials that reproduce
8. Which property helps in distinguishing one rock sample from another? (a) Date of collection only    (b) Colour of a storage bag    (c) Texture and hardness    (d) Name of the owner
9. A rock that breaks into grains may differ from a hard, compact rock in its ________. (a) physical characteristics    (b) ability to produce electricity directly    (c) status as a living thing    (d) capacity to reproduce
10. Why are rocks useful in construction? (a) All rocks melt at room temperature    (b) They are all soft enough to fold    (c) They always float on water    (d) Some can provide strong building materials
11. Which Nigerian rock feature is associated with Abuja? (a) Idanre Hills    (b) Aso Rock    (c) Olumo Rock    (d) Zuma Beach
12. A rock-sample album should include ________. (a) a list of unrelated classroom rules    (b) only the pupil’s favourite colour    (c) each sample’s name or description    (d) unlabelled stones mixed together
13. Light energy enables us to ________. (a) feel air pressure    (b) hear distant sounds    (c) taste different foods    (d) see objects around us
14. Which is a natural source of light? (a) Candle flame    (b) Sun    (c) Electric torch    (d) Fluorescent lamp
15. The bouncing back of light from a surface is called ________. (a) reflection    (b) conduction    (c) evaporation    (d) absorption
16. An ordinary mirror forms an image mainly because its surface ________. (a) produces its own light    (b) stores electricity    (c) absorbs every light ray    (d) reflects light
17. Static electricity is often produced when objects are ________. (a) heated until they melt    (b) rubbed together    (c) kept permanently under water    (d) painted with watercolours
18. Current electricity involves ________. (a) the flow of electric charge through a circuit    (b) a rock changing its shape    (c) charge remaining stationary on a surface    (d) light reflecting from a mirror
19. Which device commonly provides electricity to a portable torch? (a) Magnifying glass    (b) Mirror    (c) Battery    (d) Rubber band
20. Which is a way of generating electrical energy on a large scale? (a) Using moving water to drive generators    (b) Rubbing a balloon with hair    (c) Cooling a cup of water    (d) Reflecting light from a wall
21. Which teeth are normally used first to bite into an apple? (a) Premolars    (b) Incisors    (c) Canines    (d) Molars
22. The teeth that help tear tough food have a ________ shape. (a) rounded grinding    (b) flat and broad    (c) smooth and square    (d) pointed
23. Why are molars suitable for chewing food? (a) They move food with the tongue    (b) They have broad surfaces for grinding    (c) They are used mainly for tearing    (d) They grow outside the mouth
24. Which activity shows the role of saliva in the mouth? (a) Moistening food for swallowing    (b) Cutting food with incisors    (c) Grinding food with molars    (d) Biting food with canines
25. During a mouth drawing, the lips should be shown ________. (a) inside the stomach    (b) below the tongue only    (c) behind the throat    (d) around the opening of the mouth
26. Why is it important to clean the teeth regularly? (a) To prevent tooth decay and mouth problems    (b) To change all teeth into molars    (c) To prevent chewing    (d) To stop saliva production
27. A rock sample that feels rough differs from a smooth rock mainly in ________. (a) light source    (b) temperature only    (c) texture    (d) electric current
28. Which observation helps identify and compare rock samples? (a) Only the owner’s name    (b) Only the collection date    (c) Only the number of pupils    (d) Colour, hardness and texture
29. A builder chooses strong rock for a foundation mainly because rock can ________. (a) produce electricity alone    (b) support heavy loads    (c) reflect every sound    (d) melt in cold weather
30. Why should rock samples be labelled in a classroom collection? (a) To turn rocks into soil    (b) To prevent any differences in size    (c) To identify each sample and its features    (d) To make every rock the same colour
31. Which rock landmark is found near Abuja? (a) Aso Rock    (b) Zuma Rock is in Lagos    (c) Olumo Rock    (d) Idanre Hills are in Kano
32. Which object gives off its own light? (a) A metal spoon    (b) A white wall    (c) A lit electric bulb    (d) A clean mirror
33. A pupil sees a torch beam reflected by a mirror. The mirror is ________. (a) turning light into rock    (b) producing all its own light    (c) absorbing every ray    (d) reflecting the light
34. Why can a pupil see a book in daylight? (a) The book absorbs all light    (b) The book produces its own sunlight    (c) Light reflected from the book enters the eyes    (d) The eyes create sunlight
35. Which surface generally gives a clearer reflection? (a) A smooth polished mirror    (b) A sandy path    (c) A rough wall    (d) An unpolished stone
36. Static electricity can make small paper pieces move toward a ________. (a) cold glass of water    (b) rubbed plastic comb    (c) dry wooden ruler untouched    (d) stationary notebook
37. Which example uses electric current rather than static charge? (a) A comb attracting bits of paper    (b) A charged ruler attracting paper    (c) A torch shining with a battery    (d) A balloon sticking to hair
38. A dry cell is commonly used to power a ________. (a) torch    (b) wooden chair    (c) paper notebook    (d) hand fan without motor
39. Hydroelectric power stations obtain useful energy from ________. (a) rubbing a balloon    (b) reflecting light    (c) burning paper    (d) moving water
40. Which observation shows that electric energy has changed to light energy? (a) A seed grows leaves    (b) A river carries sand    (c) A switched-on bulb glows    (d) A stone becomes rough

SECTION B: THEORY / PRACTICAL (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer Question 1 and any other TWO questions. Each question carries 10 marks.

1. Mouth and teeth
(a) State two functions of the tongue. (2 marks)
(b) Name two types of human teeth and give their functions. (4 marks)
(c) Draw and label four important parts of the mouth or teeth. (4 marks)

2. Rocks
(a) What is a rock? (2 marks)
(b) State two physical properties used to compare rocks and explain each. (4 marks)
(c) Give two uses of rocks and identify two notable rock features in Nigeria. (4 marks)

3. Light and reflection
(a) What is reflection of light? (2 marks)
(b) Name two sources of light and distinguish natural from artificial sources. (4 marks)
(c) Describe an activity showing how a mirror reflects light and forms an image. (4 marks)

4. Basic electricity
(a) Differentiate static electricity from current electricity. (2 marks)
(b) Give two examples of everyday uses of electricity. (4 marks)
(c) Outline two ways electricity may be generated and a safety precaution for handling electricity. (4 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (d) Tongue
Question 2 – ✅ (c) holding food in the mouth and forming speech sounds
Question 3 – ✅ (b) Incisors
Question 4 – ✅ (d) canines
Question 5 – ✅ (b) Molars
Question 6 – ✅ (a) inside the mouth below the teeth
Question 7 – ✅ (b) solid masses of mineral material
Question 8 – ✅ (c) Texture and hardness
Question 9 – ✅ (a) physical characteristics
Question 10 – ✅ (d) Some can provide strong building materials
Question 11 – ✅ (b) Aso Rock
Question 12 – ✅ (c) each sample’s name or description
Question 13 – ✅ (d) see objects around us
Question 14 – ✅ (b) Sun
Question 15 – ✅ (a) reflection
Question 16 – ✅ (d) reflects light
Question 17 – ✅ (b) rubbed together
Question 18 – ✅ (a) the flow of electric charge through a circuit
Question 19 – ✅ (c) Battery
Question 20 – ✅ (a) Using moving water to drive generators
Question 21 – ✅ (b) Incisors
Question 22 – ✅ (d) pointed
Question 23 – ✅ (b) They have broad surfaces for grinding
Question 24 – ✅ (a) Moistening food for swallowing
Question 25 – ✅ (d) around the opening of the mouth
Question 26 – ✅ (a) To prevent tooth decay and mouth problems
Question 27 – ✅ (c) texture
Question 28 – ✅ (d) Colour, hardness and texture
Question 29 – ✅ (b) support heavy loads
Question 30 – ✅ (c) To identify each sample and its features
Question 31 – ✅ (a) Aso Rock
Question 32 – ✅ (c) A lit electric bulb
Question 33 – ✅ (d) reflecting the light
Question 34 – ✅ (c) Light reflected from the book enters the eyes
Question 35 – ✅ (a) A smooth polished mirror
Question 36 – ✅ (b) rubbed plastic comb
Question 37 – ✅ (c) A torch shining with a battery
Question 38 – ✅ (a) torch
Question 39 – ✅ (d) moving water
Question 40 – ✅ (c) A switched-on bulb glows

Theory Marking Scheme
Question 1:
(a) Tongue moves food and assists speech or taste. (2 marks)
(b) Incisors cut; canines tear; molars grind. (4 marks)
(c) Label lips, teeth, tongue, gums or cheeks accurately. (4 marks)

Question 2:
(a) Natural solid mass composed of minerals. (2 marks)
(b) Texture (rough/smooth) and hardness (resistance to scratching). (4 marks)
(c) Rocks supply building materials; examples Aso Rock, Olumo Rock or Zuma Rock. (4 marks)

Question 3:
(a) Bouncing back of light from a surface. (2 marks)
(b) Sun: natural; torch or bulb: artificial. (4 marks)
(c) Shine light on mirror; observe changed direction or image; describe reflection. (4 marks)

Question 4:
(a) Static charge accumulates; current charge flows in a circuit. (2 marks)
(b) Lighting and operating appliances. (4 marks)
(c) Hydroelectric and fuel-driven generators; avoid exposed conductors. (4 marks)

Mark correct equivalent answers, explanations and labelled work within the taught syllabus.