Lesson Note on Listening Speeches, Health Vocabulary, Relative Pronouns and Expository Essays for SS2

Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2 / SSS 2)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 2
Age: 16 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: English Language
Curriculum Theme: English Language Studies
Previous Lesson: Listening Comprehension, Human Body System Vocabulary and Noun Phrases.
Topic: Speech
Subject Matter: Speech: Listening comprehension using recorded speeches and teacher model speeches, Vocabulary Development: Health-related words such as sickly, well, diagnosis, casualty and emergency, Structure: Relative and demonstrative pronouns, functions and positions, Writing: Expository essay format and writing on controlling HIV/AIDS in Nigeria and managing population explosion

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

• Identify main points and details in recorded speeches.
• Define health-related words such as ‘sickly’, ‘diagnosis’, ‘casualty’, and ’emergency’.
• Explain the functions of relative and demonstrative pronouns.
• Outline the format of an expository essay.

Affective Domain:

• Listen attentively to model speeches for comprehension.
• Appreciate the importance of correct grammar in communication.
• Value clear and organized writing in essays.

Psychomotor Domain:

• Plan and deliver short speeches using an outline.
• Use health vocabulary accurately in sentences.
• Identify and use relative and demonstrative pronouns correctly in sentences.
• Write an expository essay with a clear introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.

Social Domain:

• Participate actively in discussions about speeches and essay writing.
• Collaborate with peers to review speech outlines and essay structures.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for English Language.
• State Unified Scheme of Work for Senior Secondary School English Language.
• Adekunle, A. A. (2018). Effective English for Senior Secondary Schools 2. University Press PLC.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Audio recordings of speeches
• Sample speech text
• Health vocabulary list
• Pronoun chart
• Model expository essay
• Dictionary

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils to develop essential communication skills, including effective listening, clear speaking, and precise writing. Understanding how to comprehend speeches, use appropriate vocabulary, apply correct grammar, and structure essays properly enables pupils to express themselves clearly and succeed academically.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are expected to have basic knowledge of parts of speech, simple sentence construction, and fundamental essay writing principles from their previous classes.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Speech, Vocabulary, Grammar, and Writing Skills

1. Listening Comprehension for Speeches

Listening comprehension involves understanding spoken language. For speeches, it means identifying the main idea, supporting details, speaker’s purpose, and tone.

Steps for effective listening:

• Listen for the main idea.
• Identify key arguments and supporting points.
• Note specific examples or evidence.
• Pay attention to the speaker’s tone and delivery.

2. Vocabulary Development: Health-Related Words

Vocabulary development expands a learner’s word bank, improving both comprehension and expression. Health-related words are important for discussing health matters.

Examples of health-related words:

• Sickly: Often ill; prone to sickness.
• Well: In good health; healthy.
• Diagnosis: The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms.
• Casualty: A person injured or killed in a serious accident or war.
• Emergency: A serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation requiring immediate action.

3. Structure: Relative and Demonstrative Pronouns

Pronouns are words that replace nouns. Relative and demonstrative pronouns are specific types with distinct functions.

a. Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns introduce relative clauses, which give more information about a noun. They connect a dependent clause to an independent clause.

Common relative pronouns:

• Who: Refers to people (subject).
• Whom: Refers to people (object).
• Whose: Shows possession.
• Which: Refers to things or animals.
• That: Refers to people, things, or animals (can often replace ‘who’ or ‘which’).

Example: The girl who sang beautifully won the prize.

b. Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative pronouns point to specific nouns. They indicate whether something is near or far, and singular or plural.

Common demonstrative pronouns:

• This: Refers to a singular item near the speaker.
• That: Refers to a singular item far from the speaker.
• These: Refers to plural items near the speaker.
• Those: Refers to plural items far from the speaker.

Example: This is my book. Those are your shoes.

4. Writing: Expository Essay

An expository essay explains, clarifies, or informs the reader about a specific topic. It presents facts and evidence logically.

Format of an expository essay:

• Introduction:
  • Hook (engages the reader).
  • Background information (provides context).
  • Thesis statement (states the main argument or purpose of the essay).
• Body Paragraphs:
  • Each paragraph focuses on a single main idea that supports the thesis.
  • Starts with a topic sentence.
  • Includes supporting details, facts, examples, or statistics.
  • Uses transition words to connect ideas.
• Conclusion:
  • Restates the thesis in different words.
  • Summarizes the main points of the body paragraphs.
  • Offers a final thought, suggestion, or prediction.

Topics for expository essays can include “Controlling HIV/AIDS in Nigeria” or “Managing Population Explosion.”

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils, reviews the previous lesson briefly, and then introduces the day’s topic by asking pupils how they listen to news or speeches and how they expand their vocabulary.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and prepare for the new lesson.
Learning Point: Pupils recall prior knowledge and are mentally prepared for the lesson.

Step 2: Listening Comprehension

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explaining/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher plays a short audio recording of a speech or reads a model speech aloud. The teacher then guides pupils to identify the main points and answer comprehension questions based on the speech.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively to the speech and answer comprehension questions orally, identifying key information.
Learning Point: Pupils develop skills in active listening and speech comprehension.

Step 3: Vocabulary Development

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Drilling
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces the health-related words (sickly, well, diagnosis, casualty, emergency) using a vocabulary list. The teacher explains their meanings and models their use in sentences.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, repeat the words, define them, and construct their own sentences using the vocabulary words.
Learning Point: Pupils learn new health-related words and can use them accurately.

Step 4: Relative and Demonstrative Pronouns

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains what relative and demonstrative pronouns are, their functions, and their positions in sentences using a pronoun chart and providing various examples. The teacher guides pupils to identify these pronouns.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the explanation, identify relative and demonstrative pronouns in example sentences, and practice using them correctly in new sentences.
Learning Point: Pupils understand and can correctly apply relative and demonstrative pronouns.

Step 5: Expository Essay Format

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Analysis
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the structure of an expository essay, detailing the components of an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. A model expository essay is used to illustrate these parts.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils pay attention to the explanation, observe the structure in the model essay, and ask questions for clarity.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the standard format for writing an expository essay.

Step 6: Essay Writing Planning

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guidance/Facilitation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher gives pupils a topic (e.g., “Controlling HIV/AIDS in Nigeria”) and guides them to brainstorm ideas and create a simple outline for an expository essay, focusing on the introduction, main points for body paragraphs, and a concluding thought.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils brainstorm ideas and develop a basic outline for an expository essay based on the given topic.
Learning Point: Pupils practice planning the structure of an expository essay.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. What is the main purpose of listening comprehension during a speech?
2. Mention two health-related words and use them in sentences.
3. Give an example of a relative pronoun and a demonstrative pronoun.
4. List the three main parts of an expository essay.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarizing/Assignment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher briefly summarizes the key learning points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of effective communication skills. The teacher then assigns pupils to write a full expository essay on “Managing Population Explosion in Nigeria” as homework.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and are given an opportunity for further practice.

Lesson Keywords

• Speech – The expression of ideas and feelings by spoken words.
• Listening comprehension – The ability to understand the meaning of spoken language.
• Vocabulary – The body of words used in a particular language.
• Diagnosis – The identification of an illness or other problem.
• Casualty – A person injured or killed in an accident or disaster.
• Emergency – A serious situation requiring immediate action.
• Relative pronoun – A pronoun that introduces a dependent clause and relates it to an antecedent.
• Demonstrative pronoun – A pronoun that points to specific things or people.
• Expository essay – An essay that explains, describes, or informs the reader about a topic.

Differentiation

The teacher will provide additional support to struggling pupils through simplified explanations and one-on-one guidance. Advanced pupils will be encouraged to lead group discussions or attempt more complex sentence structures and essay topics.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Teachers should ensure audio equipment is functional before the lesson. Encourage active participation from all pupils and provide constructive feedback on their speeches and writing. Emphasize practical application of grammar rules and vocabulary in everyday communication.