Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2 / SSS 2)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 4
Age: 16 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Electricity
Curriculum Theme: Electrical Installation
Previous Lesson: Types of Electrical Wiring: Surface Wiring, Conduit Wiring, Trunking and Ducting.
Topic: LIGHTING POINTS AND SWITCHES
Subject Matter: Meaning of lighting points and switches (definition), identification of lighting points (bulb holder, ceiling rose), identification of control switches (one-way switch, two-way switch)

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define lighting points and switches.
State the different types of lighting points.
Identify various control switches and their functions.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of proper lighting points and switches in electrical installations.
Show interest in identifying different electrical components.

Psychomotor Domain:

Identify actual examples of bulb holders and ceiling roses.
Distinguish between one-way and two-way switches.

Collaborate in groups to identify and discuss different lighting components.
Share knowledge about the safe use of electrical switches.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

Senior Secondary Schools Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Basic Electricity for Senior Secondary Schools by Any Author/Publisher
Diagrams of lighting points and switches

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Actual examples of switches (one-way, two-way)
Actual examples of lamp holders (bulb holders)
Actual examples of ceiling roses
Circuit diagrams showing lighting points and switches

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand essential components in electrical installations for lighting. It enables them to identify and differentiate between various lighting points and control switches, which is fundamental for safe and effective electrical work and daily use.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are expected to have prior knowledge of basic electrical terms such as current, voltage, circuit, and simple electrical safety rules.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

LIGHTING POINTS AND SWITCHES

Meaning of Lighting Points

Lighting points are specific positions in an electrical wiring system where light fittings (such as bulbs, fluorescent tubes, or other luminaries) are connected to provide illumination. They are designed to safely house and connect the light source to the main electrical supply.

The following are common types of lighting points:

Bulb Holder (Lamp Holder): This is a device designed to hold an electric light bulb and provide electrical contact with the circuit. It comes in various types, such as bayonet cap (BC) and Edison screw (ES), to match different bulb bases.
Ceiling Rose: This is a decorative cover or fitting attached to the ceiling, used to terminate the electrical wiring for a light fixture. It provides a neat and secure connection point for the light fitting to hang from and connect to the main circuit.

Meaning of Control Switches

Control switches are electrical devices used to make or break an electrical circuit, thereby controlling the flow of current to a particular appliance or light fitting. They allow users to turn lights or other devices on and off.

The following are common types of control switches:

One-Way Switch: This type of switch is used to control a light or an appliance from a single location. It has two terminals and simply connects or disconnects the circuit. When the switch is ‘on’, the circuit is complete; when ‘off’, the circuit is broken.
Two-Way Switch: This type of switch is used to control a light or an appliance from two different locations. It has three terminals and works in pairs. For example, a light in a hallway can be switched on from either end of the hallway using two-way switches.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher reviews the previous lesson on basic electrical circuits and asks pupils about common electrical components they see daily. The teacher then introduces the topic: Lighting Points and Switches.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to questions and listen attentively to the introduction of the new topic.
Learning Point: Pupils recall prior knowledge and are prepared for the new lesson.

Step 2: Meaning of Lighting Points

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines what lighting points are and explains their purpose in an electrical installation. The teacher then displays actual examples of bulb holders and ceiling roses.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and observe the displayed materials. They attempt to define lighting points in their own words.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the definition and purpose of lighting points.

Step 3: Identification of Lighting Points

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Identification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils to identify the specific features of the bulb holder and ceiling rose, explaining their individual functions and how they are installed.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils carefully examine the bulb holder and ceiling rose, pointing out their features and asking questions.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify and explain the functions of different lighting points.

Step 4: Meaning of Control Switches

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines what control switches are and explains their role in controlling electrical circuits. The teacher then displays actual examples of one-way and two-way switches.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and observe the displayed switches. They attempt to define control switches.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the definition and purpose of control switches.

Step 5: Identification of Control Switches

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Identification
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils to identify the specific features of the one-way and two-way switches, explaining how each operates and its typical application.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils carefully examine the one-way and two-way switches, noting their differences and asking questions about their operation.
Learning Point: Pupils can identify and explain the functions of different control switches.

Step 6: Discussion on Functions and Applications

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher leads a brief discussion on where lighting points and different types of switches are commonly used in homes and offices, reinforcing their practical importance.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils contribute to the discussion by sharing examples from their daily observations.
Learning Point: Pupils relate the components to real-world applications.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define a lighting point.
List two types of lighting points you have learned today.
What is the main function of an electrical switch?
Distinguish between a one-way switch and a two-way switch.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization/Assignment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of correctly identifying and using lighting points and switches. The teacher then gives an assignment for pupils to draw and label a one-way and a two-way switch.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy down the assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and prepare for further study.

Lesson Keywords

Lighting point – A location in a wiring system where a light fitting is connected.
Switch – An electrical device used to open or close an electrical circuit.
Bulb holder – A device that holds a light bulb and provides electrical connection.
Ceiling rose – A decorative fitting on a ceiling that covers wiring connections for a light fixture.
One-way switch – A switch that controls a light from a single location.
Two-way switch – A switch that controls a light from two different locations.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can challenge them to sketch simple circuit diagrams incorporating these components. For those needing more support, the teacher will provide additional visual aids and simplified explanations, ensuring hands-on interaction with the physical components.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that actual examples of lighting points and switches are available for pupils to see and touch. Emphasize safety precautions when handling electrical components. Encourage pupils to ask questions and share their observations to foster a deeper understanding of the topic.