Class: Senior Secondary School 2 (SS2 / SSS2)
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 7
Age: 16 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Electricity
Curriculum Theme: Nil
Previous Lesson: Conduit Materials: Types, Classification and Application of Conduit Materials.
Topic: CONDUIT FITTINGS
Subject Matter: Meaning of conduit fittings (definition), types of conduit fittings (elbow, coupler), classification of conduit fittings, application of conduit fittings (joining conduits)

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define conduit fittings.
List at least four types of conduit fittings.
Classify conduit fittings based on material and purpose.
State at least three applications of conduit fittings.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of proper conduit fitting usage in electrical installations.
Show interest in identifying and understanding different conduit fittings.

Psychomotor Domain:

Correctly identify various conduit fittings when presented.
Demonstrate how to connect two conduits using a coupler.

Collaborate with peers to identify and discuss conduit fittings.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

Senior Secondary Schools Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Basic Electricity for Senior Secondary Schools by P.N. Okoro

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Actual elbow fittings and couplers
Charts showing various types of conduit fittings
Sample electrical conduits

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the various components used to build safe and efficient electrical wiring systems. It enables them to identify and select the correct fittings for different installation requirements.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils should have basic knowledge of electrical wiring and the different types of conduits used in installations.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Conduit Fittings

Meaning of Conduit Fittings

Conduit fittings are accessories used in electrical installations to connect, terminate, support, or change the direction of electrical conduits. They help create a complete and protected wiring system.

Types of Conduit Fittings

Conduit fittings come in various types, each designed for a specific purpose:

Elbow: Used to change the direction of a conduit run, typically at 90 or 45 degrees.
Coupler: Used to join two lengths of conduit in a straight line.
Bends: Similar to elbows but often have a larger radius for smoother cable pulling.
Tee Box: Used to create a junction where three conduits meet.
Inspection Box (Junction Box): Provides access points for inspecting, pulling, or joining wires within the conduit system.
Saddle: Used to support and secure conduits to surfaces like walls or ceilings.
Reducer: Used to connect conduits of different diameters.
Bush: A protective fitting placed at the end of a conduit to prevent damage to cables from sharp edges.
Locknut: Used with bushes to secure conduits to junction boxes or enclosures.

Classification of Conduit Fittings

Conduit fittings can be classified based on their material and purpose:

By Material:
- PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) Fittings: Lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and commonly used with PVC conduits.
- Metal Fittings (e.g., Galvanized Steel): Durable, provide better mechanical protection, and are used with metallic conduits.
By Purpose:
- Joining Fittings: Couplers, reducers.
- Bending/Direction Changing Fittings: Elbows, bends.
- Terminating Fittings: Bushes, locknuts.
- Access/Inspection Fittings: Inspection boxes, tee boxes.
- Support Fittings: Saddles.

Applications of Conduit Fittings

Conduit fittings are essential for various applications in electrical wiring systems:

Joining Conduits: Couplers are used to extend conduit runs by connecting two lengths.
Changing Direction: Elbows and bends allow the conduit path to navigate corners and obstacles.
Terminating Conduits: Bushes and locknuts secure conduits to enclosures and protect wires at entry points.
Providing Access: Inspection boxes allow for wire pulling, splicing, and future maintenance without dismantling the entire system.
Supporting Conduits: Saddles hold conduits firmly in place along walls or ceilings.
Branching Conduits: Tee boxes and junction boxes create branches in the wiring system.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils, reviews the previous lesson briefly, and then displays various conduit fittings (e.g., elbow, coupler) to the class.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to greetings, recall the previous lesson, and observe the displayed fittings.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the topic and activate prior knowledge.

Step 2: Meaning of Conduit Fittings

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines conduit fittings, explaining their general purpose in electrical installations.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and take notes on the definition of conduit fittings.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the meaning and importance of conduit fittings.

Step 3: Types of Conduit Fittings

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Listing
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher presents and explains different types of conduit fittings, such as elbows, couplers, inspection boxes, and saddles, showing physical examples or diagrams where possible.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify the fittings, ask questions, and list the types in their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils identify and understand various types of conduit fittings and their basic functions.

Step 4: Classification of Conduit Fittings

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Categorization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how conduit fittings can be classified by material (e.g., PVC, metal) and by purpose (e.g., joining, bending, terminating).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and note down the different classifications of conduit fittings.
Learning Point: Pupils learn how conduit fittings are grouped based on their characteristics.

Step 5: Applications of Conduit Fittings

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Elaboration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the practical applications of various conduit fittings, such as how couplers join conduits or how elbows change direction.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and discuss the applications, relating them to real-world electrical installations.
Learning Point: Pupils understand how different fittings are used in electrical wiring.

Step 6: Practical Demonstration

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Practical Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher briefly demonstrates how a coupler is used to join two conduit sections.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe the demonstration carefully.
Learning Point: Pupils gain a visual understanding of how a fitting is applied.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

What are conduit fittings?
Mention four types of conduit fittings.
How can conduit fittings be classified?
State two applications of an elbow fitting.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization/Assignment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson and assigns homework: “Draw and label any three conduit fittings and state their uses.”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and are given a task to reinforce understanding.

Lesson Keywords

Conduit – A tube used to protect and route electrical wiring in a building or structure.
Fittings – Accessories used to connect, terminate, or change the direction of conduits.
Elbow – A fitting used to make a bend in a conduit run.
Coupler – A fitting used to join two lengths of conduit.
PVC – Polyvinyl Chloride, a common material for conduits and fittings.
Galvanized – Steel coated with zinc for corrosion protection.
Electrical Installation – The process of wiring a building for electricity.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can ask them to research more specialized conduit fittings or discuss different installation scenarios. For those needing more support, the teacher can provide labeled diagrams and more hands-on practice with the physical fittings, focusing on the most common types and their basic uses.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure a variety of actual conduit fittings are available for demonstration. Encourage pupils to handle and examine the fittings to better understand their physical characteristics and purposes. Emphasize safety precautions related to electrical wiring and the importance of using the correct fittings for durable and safe installations.