World Tourism, Tourist Centres, Importance and Problems for SS 3

Class: Senior Secondary School 3 (SS3 / SSS 3)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 2
Age: 17 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Geography
Curriculum Theme: Geography
Previous Lesson: Trade, Types, Reasons and Importance
Topic: Tourism (World)
Subject Matter: Meaning of tourism, meaning of tourist centres, reasons for tourism such as leisure, recreation and education, importance of tourism, problems of tourism, solutions to tourism problems, locating world tourist centres on maps

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

• Define tourism and tourist centres.
• State at least three reasons for tourism.
• Explain the importance of tourism.
• Identify at least three problems associated with tourism and their solutions.

Affective Domain:

• Appreciate the cultural and economic significance of tourism.
• Participate actively in discussions about tourism challenges and solutions.
• Recognize the need for sustainable tourism practices.

Psychomotor Domain:

• Locate at least five world tourist centres on a map.
• Point out local recreational facilities.

Social Domain:

• Collaborate with peers to identify solutions to tourism problems.
• Discuss the impact of tourism on local communities.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• FCT-ERC SS 3 Scheme of Work, September 2014 curriculum.
• Relevant State Unified Scheme of Work.
• A suitable Geography textbook for SS 3.

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Documentary films on world tourist centres
• Diagrams and pictures of famous tourist attractions
• World political map
• Photographs of local recreational facilities

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps students understand the concept of tourism and its significance globally and locally. It enables students to appreciate the economic and cultural benefits of tourism while also recognizing its potential challenges and solutions for sustainable development.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Students have basic knowledge of different places, travel, and the concept of recreation from their previous studies and personal experiences.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Tourism (World)

Meaning of Tourism

Tourism is the act of travelling for pleasure or business, and the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours.

Meaning of Tourist Centres

Tourist centres are places of interest where tourists visit, usually for their inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or artificial beauty, or amusement opportunities.

Examples of tourist centres include:

1. Obudu Mountain Resort, Cross River State, Nigeria
2. Zuma Rock, Niger State, Nigeria
3. Great Wall of China, China
4. Eiffel Tower, Paris, France
5. Pyramids of Giza, Egypt
6. Taj Mahal, Agra, India
7. Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA

Reasons for Tourism

People engage in tourism for various reasons, including:

1. Leisure and Recreation: To relax, enjoy holidays, and engage in recreational activities like swimming, hiking, or sightseeing.
2. Education and Research: To learn about new cultures, historical sites, geographical features, or for academic research.
3. Business: To attend conferences, meetings, or conduct business transactions in different locations.
4. Religious Pilgrimage: To visit holy sites or participate in religious ceremonies.
5. Health and Wellness: To seek medical treatment, spa services, or engage in wellness retreats.
6. Adventure: To experience thrilling activities like mountaineering, safaris, or extreme sports.
7. Social and Cultural Exchange: To meet new people, experience different lifestyles, or attend festivals and events.

Importance of Tourism

Tourism is important for several reasons, both to the host country and the tourists:

1. Economic Growth: Generates income through foreign exchange, creates jobs, and stimulates local businesses (hotels, restaurants, transport).
2. Infrastructure Development: Leads to the development of roads, airports, communication networks, and other facilities.
3. Cultural Preservation: Encourages the preservation and promotion of local cultures, traditions, arts, and crafts.
4. Environmental Protection: Can lead to the establishment of national parks and conservation efforts to protect natural attractions.
5. International Understanding: Fosters goodwill and understanding between different cultures and nations.
6. Recreation and Relaxation: Provides opportunities for people to unwind, reduce stress, and enjoy new experiences.

Problems of Tourism

Despite its benefits, tourism can also present several problems:

1. Environmental Degradation: Over-tourism can lead to pollution, destruction of natural habitats, and increased waste generation.
2. Cultural Erosion: The influx of tourists can sometimes lead to the commercialization of local cultures and loss of authenticity.
3. Economic Leakage: A significant portion of tourism revenue may not stay in the local economy, especially if foreign-owned businesses dominate.
4. Social Issues: Can lead to increased crime rates, prostitution, and conflicts between locals and tourists.
5. Infrastructure Strain: Overwhelms existing infrastructure, leading to traffic congestion, water shortages, and inadequate services.
6. Increased Cost of Living: Tourism development can drive up prices for housing and goods, making it difficult for local residents.

Solutions to Tourism Problems

To mitigate the negative impacts of tourism, the following solutions can be implemented:

1. Sustainable Tourism Practices: Promote eco-tourism and responsible travel to minimize environmental impact.
2. Community Involvement: Ensure local communities are involved in tourism planning and benefit from its revenues.
3. Regulation and Planning: Implement strict zoning laws and tourism policies to manage development and visitor numbers.
4. Cultural Sensitivity: Educate tourists and locals on respecting cultural differences and traditions.
5. Diversification of Attractions: Spread tourists across various sites to reduce pressure on popular destinations.
6. Investment in Infrastructure: Develop and upgrade infrastructure to cope with increased demand.
7. Local Empowerment: Support local businesses and entrepreneurs to ensure economic benefits remain within the community.

Locating World Tourist Centres on Maps

Locating world tourist centres on maps involves identifying specific geographical coordinates or prominent features. This helps in understanding their distribution and accessibility.

To locate tourist centres:

1. Identify the continent and country where the centre is located.
2. Look for specific cities or regions within that country.
3. Use latitude and longitude lines for precise location.
4. Familiarize yourself with major geographical features like mountain ranges, coastlines, or rivers that might host tourist sites.

Some prominent world tourist centres and their general locations include:

1. Africa: Pyramids of Giza (Egypt), Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe/Zambia), Serengeti National Park (Tanzania), Table Mountain (South Africa).
2. Asia: Great Wall of China (China), Taj Mahal (India), Mount Fuji (Japan), Angkor Wat (Cambodia).
3. Europe: Eiffel Tower (France), Colosseum (Italy), Big Ben (UK), Santorini (Greece).
4. North America: Grand Canyon (USA), Statue of Liberty (USA), Niagara Falls (USA/Canada), Chichen Itza (Mexico).
5. South America: Machu Picchu (Peru), Christ the Redeemer (Brazil), Galapagos Islands (Ecuador).
6. Australia/Oceania: Sydney Opera House (Australia), Great Barrier Reef (Australia), Milford Sound (New Zealand).

Illustrative Examples and Applications

1. Beaches, wildlife reserves, historic monuments and cultural festivals can function as tourist attractions.
2. Tourism can create employment, generate income and encourage the development of transport and hospitality services.
3. Poor transport, insecurity, weak maintenance and inadequate publicity can reduce tourist activity.

Quick Revision Table

Area	Key Point
Meaning of Tourism	Tourism is the act of travelling for pleasure or business, and the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and…
Meaning of Tourist Centres	Tourist centres are places of interest where tourists visit, usually for their inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value, historical…
Reasons for Tourism	People engage in tourism for various reasons, including: Leisure and Recreation: To relax, enjoy holidays, and engage in recreational activities…
Importance of Tourism	Tourism is important for several reasons, both to the host country and the tourists: Economic Growth: Generates income through foreign exchange,…
Problems of Tourism	Despite its benefits, tourism can also present several problems: Environmental Degradation: Over-tourism can lead to pollution, destruction of…
Solutions to Tourism Problems	To mitigate the negative impacts of tourism, the following solutions can be implemented: Sustainable Tourism Practices: Promote eco-tourism and…

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction and Recall

Time: 4 minutes

Teaching Skill: Set Induction

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the students and asks them to mention places they have visited for fun or relaxation. The teacher then links their responses to the concept of tourism.

Students’ Activity: Students respond by mentioning places they have visited. They listen attentively to the teacher's introduction.

Learning Point: Prior tourism knowledge.

Step 2: Meaning of Tourism and Tourist Centres

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher uses pictures, diagrams, and documentary clips to explain the meaning of tourism and what constitutes a tourist centre. The teacher provides examples of both local and international tourist centres.

Students’ Activity: Students watch the documentary, observe the pictures, listen to the explanation, and ask questions for clarity.

Learning Point: Meaning of tourism.

Step 3: Reasons for Tourism

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Discussion/Elaboration

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides a class discussion on the various reasons why people engage in tourism, such as leisure, recreation, education, business, and pilgrimage. The teacher lists points on the board.

Students’ Activity: Students contribute to the discussion by stating reasons for tourism and take notes from the board.

Learning Point: Reasons for Tourism.

Step 4: Importance of Tourism

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Analysis

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the importance of tourism, highlighting its economic, social, cultural, and environmental benefits to both the host country and the tourists. The teacher encourages students to give examples of how tourism benefits Nigeria.

Students’ Activity: Students listen, ask questions, and contribute examples of tourism's importance, particularly in their local context.

Learning Point: Importance Tourism concepts.

Step 5: Problems and Solutions of Tourism

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Problem-Solving/Critical Thinking

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher leads a discussion on the problems associated with tourism (e.g., environmental degradation, cultural erosion) and guides students to suggest possible solutions. The teacher emphasizes sustainable tourism practices.

Students’ Activity: Students identify problems of tourism and propose solutions during the discussion, noting down key points.

Learning Point: Tourism solutions explained.

Step 6: Locating World Tourist Centres on Maps

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Demonstration/Visualisation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher uses a world map to demonstrate how to locate various prominent tourist centres across different continents. The teacher points out key geographical features related to these centres.

Students’ Activity: Students observe the teacher's demonstration and attempt to locate some of the mentioned tourist centres on the map.

Learning Point: Tourism map skills.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. Define tourism in your own words.
2. Mention three reasons why people travel for tourism.
3. State two benefits and two problems of tourism.
4. Suggest two solutions to the problems of tourism.
5. Locate the Eiffel Tower and the Pyramids of Giza on the world map.

Students’ Activity: Students answer orally and in writing, showing working or giving examples where the lesson requires it.

Learning Point: Tourism skills assessed.

Step 8: Note-Taking

Time: 8 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Writing

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides students to copy the essential Board Summary on tourism into their notebooks, drawing attention to the key rules, examples, diagrams or distinctions already taught.

Students’ Activity: Students copy the essential notes carefully into their notebooks and correct any errors in their earlier work.

Learning Point: Tourism notes recorded.

Step 9: Conclusion

Time: 3 minutes

Teaching Skill: Reinforcement/Summarization

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of tourism and the need for responsible practices.

Students’ Activity: Students listen to the summary.

Learning Point: Tourism concepts consolidated.

Continuous Assessment/Further Study

Type: Homework / Map Work

Instruction: Complete the following tasks using the Board Summary, relevant maps or diagrams, and examples from the lesson.

1. Prepare a one-page revision note on Meaning of Tourism, using at least two examples from the Board Summary.
2. Draw a labelled diagram, sketch or outline map that illustrates Meaning of Tourist Centres where appropriate, and add a short explanation.
3. Construct a two-column table comparing key points from Meaning of Tourist Centres and Reasons for Tourism.
4. Use a Nigerian, African or world example within the lesson scope to explain Importance of Tourism.
5. Write one examination-style paragraph explaining an important relationship or application in tourism.

Lesson Keywords

• Tourism – The activity of visiting places for pleasure or interest, especially when on holiday.
• Tourist Centre – A place of interest where tourists visit.
• Recreation – Activity done for enjoyment when one is not working.
• Leisure – Time when one is not working or occupied; free time.
• Sustainable Tourism – Tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic, social and environmental impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, the environment and host communities.

Differentiation

For students who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can encourage them to research lesser-known tourist destinations or specific impacts of tourism on local economies. For students needing more support, the teacher can provide simplified definitions and focus on identifying major tourist centres and their basic characteristics.

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