Examination on History
Class: JSS 3
Term: Third Term
Time: 1 Hour
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer all questions.

1. ________ is the process of bringing together different entities into one unit. (a) Secession (b) Amalgamation (c) Separation (d) Decentralisation
2. The Northern and Southern Protectorates of Nigeria were amalgamated in the year ________. (a) 1900 (b) 1914 (c) 1960 (d) 1884
3. Lord Frederick Lugard was the Governor-General responsible for the ________ of Nigeria. (a) independence (b) partition (c) amalgamation (d) colonisation
4. Which of the following was a key personality involved in the amalgamation of Nigeria? (a) Nnamdi Azikiwe (b) Herbert Macaulay (c) Lord Lugard (d) Tafawa Balewa
5. All of these were reasons for the amalgamation of Nigeria except ________. (a) administrative convenience (b) economic viability (c) cultural uniformity (d) military strategy
6. The main reason for the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates was ________. (a) to promote tribalism (b) to reduce administrative costs (c) to divide the people (d) to encourage disunity
7. The term ‘nationalism’ generally refers to the desire of a people for ________. (a) foreign rule (b) self-governance (c) economic dependence (d) military intervention
8. Which of these is not a characteristic of nationalism? (a) Love for one’s country (b) Desire for self-determination (c) Promotion of foreign interests (d) Unity among citizens
9. Early nationalist movements in Nigeria primarily aimed at ________. (a) increasing British control (b) achieving political independence (c) promoting slave trade (d) establishing a monarchy
10. Who among these is considered a pioneer Nigerian nationalist? (a) Queen Victoria (b) George Goldie (c) Herbert Macaulay (d) Winston Churchill
11. Which of the following women leaders played a significant role in Nigeria’s independence struggle? (a) Flora Shaw (b) Queen Amina (c) Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti (d) Madam Tinubu
12. The Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) was an example of a nationalist organisation that sought ________. (a) closer ties with Britain (b) immediate independence (c) economic exploitation (d) religious conversion
13. The attainment of Nigeria’s independence took place on ________. (a) October 1, 1960 (b) January 1, 1914 (c) May 27, 1967 (d) October 1, 1963
14. The events leading to Nigeria’s independence included several ________ conferences. (a) trade (b) religious (c) constitutional (d) military
15. Britain’s role in Nigeria’s independence involved ________. (a) resisting any form of self-rule (b) granting independence after negotiations (c) imposing perpetual colonial rule (d) supporting secessionist movements
16. Which of these Nigerian leaders played a crucial role in the independence negotiations? (a) Emperor Menelik II (b) Nelson Mandela (c) Nnamdi Azikiwe (d) Kwame Nkrumah
17. The Berlin Treaty of ________ formally recognised the partition of Africa among European powers. (a) 1914 (b) 1884-1885 (c) 1960 (d) 1776
18. The main purpose of the Berlin Treaty was to ________. (a) promote African unity (b) regulate European colonisation and trade in Africa (c) establish a common African currency (d) end slavery in Africa
19. Which is NOT a feature of the Berlin Treaty? (a) Principle of effective occupation (b) Freedom of navigation on major rivers (c) Recognition of African sovereignty (d) Demarcation of spheres of influence
20. The Royal Niger Company was a British trading company that played a significant role in the ________. (a) abolition of slave trade (b) colonial conquest of Nigeria (c) establishment of democratic rule (d) promotion of local industries
21. George Goldie was a key figure associated with the ________. (a) Nigerian National Alliance (b) Royal Niger Company (c) African National Congress (d) West African Students’ Union
22. The Royal Niger Company’s administration was transferred to the British Crown in ________. (a) 1884 (b) 1890 (c) 1900 (d) 1914
23. Colonial conquest in Nigeria involved the use of ________ by European powers. (a) diplomacy and trade only (b) military force and treaties (c) cultural exchange programs (d) educational reforms
24. The main impact of the Royal Niger Company’s activities in the Niger area was ________. (a) promotion of local governance (b) monopolistic trade and territorial acquisition (c) development of indigenous technology (d) establishment of a free market economy
25. The evolution of the Nigerian state began with the establishment of various ________. (a) independent kingdoms (b) European trading posts (c) protectorates and colonies (d) democratic republics
26. The formation of Nigeria as a single entity was a direct result of ________. (a) pre-colonial agreements (b) European colonial expansion (c) internal political consensus (d) indigenous military victories
27. The impact of colonial rule on Nigeria included the introduction of ________. (a) traditional African education (b) a unified administrative system (c) complete economic independence (d) indigenous legal systems
28. Which of these is not an impact of colonial rule on Nigeria? (a) Introduction of Western education (b) Development of infrastructure (c) Preservation of existing political structures (d) Imposition of new boundaries
29. The emergence of modern Nigeria is largely attributed to the ________. (a) pre-colonial empires (b) process of colonisation and decolonisation (c) influence of Asian powers (d) isolated development of ethnic groups
30. The correct step in the formation of the Nigerian state was the ________. (a) immediate grant of independence (b) amalgamation of various protectorates (c) complete removal of traditional rulers (d) establishment of a single language policy
31. ________ played a significant role in shaping Nigeria’s political landscape during the colonial era. (a) Indirect rule (b) Direct democracy (c) Feudalism (d) Communism
32. The Lagos Colony was merged with the Southern Protectorate in ________. (a) 1898 (b) 1906 (c) 1914 (d) 1922
33. An example of a key activist during the nationalist struggle is ________. (a) Queen Elizabeth II (b) Lord Lugard (c) Obafemi Awolowo (d) Cecil Rhodes
34. Which of the following statements about the Berlin Treaty is true? (a) It was signed by African leaders. (b) It promoted African self-rule. (c) It led to the scramble for Africa. (d) It was primarily about trade tariffs.
35. The Royal Niger Company’s charter was revoked by the British government mainly due to ________. (a) its humanitarian efforts (b) its monopolistic practices and conflicts (c) its failure to make profit (d) pressure from African resistance groups
36. The term “effective occupation” as per the Berlin Treaty meant ________. (a) occupying land through peaceful means (b) having actual administrative control over claimed territories (c) forming alliances with local chiefs (d) establishing trade routes only
37. The Clifford Constitution of 1922 introduced the elective principle, which was a step towards ________. (a) further colonial control (b) limited Nigerian representation (c) complete British withdrawal (d) abolition of traditional courts
38. Which of these is not a reason for the rise of nationalism in Nigeria? (a) Racial discrimination by colonial masters (b) Desire for economic exploitation (c) Spread of Western education (d) Inspiration from other independent nations
39. The name ‘Nigeria’ was suggested by ________. (a) Lord Lugard (b) Flora Shaw (c) Nnamdi Azikiwe (d) Obafemi Awolowo
40. The period of colonial administration in Nigeria profoundly affected its ________ development. (a) pre-historic (b) social, political, and economic (c) ancient religious (d) purely cultural

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer any THREE questions.

1. (a) What is meant by the Amalgamation of Nigeria? (2 marks)
(b) State three (3) reasons for the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates. (3 marks)
(c) Briefly explain the process of the 1914 amalgamation. (3 marks)
(d) Identify two (2) key personalities associated with the amalgamation. (2 marks)

2. (a) Define nationalism in the context of Nigeria’s history. (2 marks)
(b) Mention three (3) key Nigerian activists who played significant roles in the independence struggle. (3 marks)
(c) Discuss the contributions of two (2) women leaders to the Nigerian independence movement. (3 marks)
(d) List two (2) factors that led to the rise of nationalism in Nigeria. (2 marks)

3. (a) Briefly describe the Berlin Treaty of 1884-1885. (2 marks)
(b) Outline three (3) key features of the Berlin Treaty. (3 marks)
(c) Explain the role of the Royal Niger Company in the colonial conquest of Nigeria. (3 marks)
(d) When was the Royal Niger Company’s charter revoked and its territories transferred to the British Crown? (2 marks)

4. (a) State the date Nigeria attained its independence. (2 marks)
(b) Describe two (2) major events that led to Nigeria’s independence. (3 marks)
(c) Explain the role of British colonial administration in the process of Nigeria’s independence. (3 marks)
(d) Identify two (2) Nigerian leaders who actively participated in the struggle for independence. (2 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme

Question 1 – ✅ (b) Amalgamation
Question 2 – ✅ (b) 1914
Question 3 – ✅ (c) amalgamation
Question 4 – ✅ (c) Lord Lugard
Question 5 – ✅ (c) cultural uniformity
Question 6 – ✅ (b) to reduce administrative costs
Question 7 – ✅ (b) self-governance
Question 8 – ✅ (c) Promotion of foreign interests
Question 9 – ✅ (b) achieving political independence
Question 10 – ✅ (c) Herbert Macaulay
Question 11 – ✅ (c) Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti
Question 12 – ✅ (b) immediate independence
Question 13 – ✅ (a) October 1, 1960
Question 14 – ✅ (c) constitutional
Question 15 – ✅ (b) granting independence after negotiations
Question 16 – ✅ (c) Nnamdi Azikiwe
Question 17 – ✅ (b) 1884-1885
Question 18 – ✅ (b) regulate European colonisation and trade in Africa
Question 19 – ✅ (c) Recognition of African sovereignty
Question 20 – ✅ (b) colonial conquest of Nigeria
Question 21 – ✅ (b) Royal Niger Company
Question 22 – ✅ (c) 1900
Question 23 – ✅ (b) military force and treaties
Question 24 – ✅ (b) monopolistic trade and territorial acquisition
Question 25 – ✅ (c) protectorates and colonies
Question 26 – ✅ (b) European colonial expansion
Question 27 – ✅ (b) a unified administrative system
Question 28 – ✅ (c) Preservation of existing political structures
Question 29 – ✅ (b) process of colonisation and decolonisation
Question 30 – ✅ (b) amalgamation of various protectorates
Question 31 – ✅ (a) Indirect rule
Question 32 – ✅ (b) 1906
Question 33 – ✅ (c) Obafemi Awolowo
Question 34 – ✅ (c) It led to the scramble for Africa.
Question 35 – ✅ (b) its monopolistic practices and conflicts
Question 36 – ✅ (b) having actual administrative control over claimed territories
Question 37 – ✅ (b) limited Nigerian representation
Question 38 – ✅ (b) Desire for economic exploitation
Question 39 – ✅ (b) Flora Shaw
Question 40 – ✅ (b) social, political, and economic