Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 8
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Marketing
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Market Segmentation: Meaning, Basic Segmentation And Characteristics.
Topic: Classification of products
Subject Matter: Meaning of product, Classification of product, Industrial goods, Consumer goods, Differences between goods and services

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define a product.
Classify products into industrial and consumer goods.
Differentiate between various types of consumer goods.
State the differences between goods and services.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of classifying products in marketing.
Show interest in identifying different product categories.

Psychomotor Domain:

Identify and categorize various real-life product examples.
Give examples of industrial and consumer goods.

Discuss product classifications with peers.
Collaborate in identifying market examples of goods and services.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum for Senior Secondary Schools.
State Unified Scheme of Work for Marketing (SS1).
Anyanwu, A. (2018). Marketing for Senior Secondary Schools. Ibadan: University Press PLC.
https://www.marketing-insider.eu/product-classification/
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumer-goods.asp

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Pictures and charts showing different types of products.
Real objects like soap, pen, raw materials (e.g., cotton), machinery parts.
Product labels and packaging.

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson is important because it helps pupils understand the different categories of products available in the market. Knowing how products are classified enables pupils to better understand consumer behaviour and business strategies in selling various items.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have a basic understanding of what goods and services are from their previous lessons on trade and commerce.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

CLASSIFICATION OF PRODUCTS

Meaning of Product

A product is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a want or need. It can be a physical good, a service, an experience, an event, a person, a place, an organisation, information, or an idea.

Classification of Product

Products are generally classified into two main categories based on their intended use:

Industrial Goods
Consumer Goods

Industrial Goods

Industrial goods are products purchased by individuals or organisations for further processing, for use in conducting a business, or for resale. They are not meant for direct personal consumption.

The following are types of industrial goods:

Materials and Parts: Raw materials (e.g., crude oil, cotton, fruits) and manufactured materials and parts (e.g., iron, cement, tires, small motors).
Capital Items: Industrial products that aid in the buyer’s production or operations, including installations (e.g., factories, heavy machinery) and accessory equipment (e.g., hand tools, office equipment).
Supplies and Services: Operating supplies (e.g., lubricants, coal, paper, pencils) and business services (e.g., maintenance, repair, legal services, advertising).

Consumer Goods

Consumer goods are products purchased by the final consumer for personal consumption. They are bought for direct use rather than for resale or further processing.

The following are types of consumer goods:

Convenience Goods: These are consumer products that customers usually buy frequently, immediately, and with minimal comparison and buying effort.
- Examples: Soap, newspapers, bread, soft drinks, milk.
Shopping Goods: These are consumer products that the customer, in the process of selecting and purchasing, typically compares on bases such as suitability, quality, price, and style.
- Examples: Furniture, clothing, major appliances, hotel services.
Specialty Goods: These are consumer products with unique characteristics or brand identification for which a significant group of buyers is willing to make a special purchase effort.
- Examples: Specific brands of luxury cars, designer clothing, high-end electronic gadgets, medical services from a specialist.

Differences between Goods and Services

The following are key differences between goods and services:

Tangibility: Goods are tangible (can be seen, touched, felt), while services are intangible (cannot be seen, touched, or felt).
Storage: Goods can be stored for future use, whereas services cannot be stored; they are produced and consumed simultaneously.
Ownership: Ownership of goods can be transferred, but ownership of services cannot be transferred.
Separability: Goods can be separated from the producer, but services are inseparable from the provider (e.g., a haircut cannot be separated from the barber).
Variability: Goods tend to be more consistent in quality, while services can vary greatly depending on who provides them, when, where, and how.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils, checks attendance, and briefly reviews the previous lesson. The teacher then introduces the new topic by asking pupils to name some items they bought recently and how they used them.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and state items they bought and how they used them.
Learning Point: Pupils are prepared for the new lesson and connect it to their daily experiences.

Step 2: Meaning of Product

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of a product, giving various examples beyond just physical goods (e.g., services, ideas). The teacher writes the definition on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, ask questions for clarity, and copy the definition into their notebooks.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the broad definition of a product.

Step 3: Classification of Products

Time: 6 minutes
Teaching Skill: Categorisation/Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces the two main classifications of products: industrial goods and consumer goods. The teacher explains the fundamental difference between them based on their intended use.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and identify the two main categories, asking questions for better understanding.
Learning Point: Pupils grasp the primary basis for product classification.

Step 4: Industrial Goods

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Elaboration/Examples
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains industrial goods in detail, providing clear examples of materials and parts, capital items, and supplies and services using charts and real objects where possible (e.g., a sample of raw cotton or a bolt).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, observe the instructional materials, and contribute their own examples of industrial goods.
Learning Point: Pupils can define industrial goods and list their various types with examples.

Step 5: Consumer Goods

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Differentiation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains consumer goods and further classifies them into convenience, shopping, and specialty goods. The teacher uses pictures and real objects (e.g., a bar of soap for convenience, a shirt for shopping, a picture of a luxury car for specialty) to illustrate each type.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, observe the examples, and discuss the characteristics that differentiate each type of consumer good.
Learning Point: Pupils can define consumer goods and distinguish between convenience, shopping, and specialty goods with examples.

Step 6: Differences between Goods and Services

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Comparison/Analysis
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher highlights the key differences between goods and services, focusing on tangibility, storage, ownership, separability, and variability. The teacher uses simple scenarios to explain each point.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, ask questions, and identify the distinctions between goods and services.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the fundamental differences between goods and services.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define a product.
Mention two main classifications of products.
List three types of consumer goods with one example each.
State any two differences between goods and services.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarisation/Assignment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the main points of the lesson, emphasizing the importance of product classification in marketing. The teacher then assigns homework: “Find and list five examples of industrial goods and five examples of consumer goods (specifying the type of consumer good).”
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and copy the homework assignment.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their learning and prepare for further exploration.

Lesson Keywords

Product – Anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a want or need.
Industrial Goods – Products purchased for further processing or for use in conducting a business.
Consumer Goods – Products purchased by the final consumer for personal consumption.
Convenience Goods – Products bought frequently, immediately, and with minimal effort.
Shopping Goods – Products where customers compare suitability, quality, price, and style before buying.
Specialty Goods – Products with unique characteristics for which buyers make a special purchase effort.
Service – An intangible act or performance that one party can offer to another.

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can challenge them to research and present on sub-classifications of industrial goods (e.g., MRO supplies). For pupils who need more support, the teacher can provide simplified charts or visual aids with more direct examples and encourage peer-to-peer learning.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure to bring a variety of real-life product examples or clear pictures to make the lesson more engaging and relatable. Encourage active participation and discussions to solidify understanding of the different product classifications.