Adjuncts of Time and Place and Their Types for SS 1

Class: SSS 1
Term: Second Term
Week: 5
Age: 15 years
Duration: 60 minutes
Subject: English Language Studies
Curriculum Theme: Grammatical Accuracy
Focal competence: Using adjuncts correctly in sentences
Key competencies/values: Communication; ICT and Digital Competencies; Digital Competencies; Collaboration; Critical Thinking
Skills:

• define adjuncts

Previous Lesson: Capital Market Terms Investors, Bonds, Bulls and Bears
Topic: Adjuncts (Adverbs)
Subject Matter: Meaning and Types of Adjuncts of Time and Place

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils/students should be able to:

Cognitive Domain

• define adjuncts;
• identify adjuncts of time in given sentences;
• identify adjuncts of place in given sentences;
• construct sentences using adjuncts of time and place.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

• 2025 New Revised Senior Secondary Education Curriculum (SSEC)
• Relevant State Unified Scheme of Work
• A suitable English Language textbook for SSS 1
• The HeadTeacher Scheme of work For The New Revised Senior Secondary Education Curriculum (SSEC)

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Dictionaries (standard English dictionary)
• Course books
• Whiteboard or chalkboard
• Markers or chalk
• Handouts with example sentences
• Online quiz platform (if available)

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding adjuncts helps students to add precision and detail to their sentences, improving clarity in communication. This knowledge is essential for constructing grammatically accurate and rich sentences, which is a fundamental skill in English Language. It also supports better comprehension of written and spoken English.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Students should have a basic understanding of adverbs and their function in sentences, as well as general sentence structure.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Adjuncts (Adverbs)

Meaning of Adjuncts

An adjunct is a word, phrase, or clause that modifies or adds more information to a verb, an adjective, or another adverb in a sentence. Adjuncts are typically adverbs or adverbial phrases/clauses. They provide additional context about how, when, where, or why an action occurs, but they are not essential for the grammatical completeness of the sentence. If an adjunct is removed, the sentence can still make sense grammatically, though some information will be lost.

For example, in the sentence “She sings beautifully,” ‘beautifully’ is an adjunct of manner. In “They met yesterday,” ‘yesterday’ is an adjunct of time.

Adjuncts of Time

Adjuncts of time tell us WHEN an action happened, how often it happened, or for how long it happened. They answer the question “When?”.

Common examples of adjuncts of time include single words (adverbs) and phrases:

1. Adverbs: now, then, today, yesterday, tomorrow, soon, later, early, late, always, never, often, sometimes, usually, frequently, rarely, annually, daily, weekly, monthly.
2. Adverbial Phrases: in the morning, last night, next week, every day, for three hours, since Monday, at 7 o’clock, after the meeting, before sunrise, during the holidays.

Examples of Adjuncts of Time in Sentences:

1. She arrived early. (When did she arrive? Early)
2. We will meet tomorrow. (When will we meet? Tomorrow)
3. The children play football every afternoon. (When do they play? Every afternoon)
4. He has been studying for two hours. (For how long? For two hours)
5. They visited their grandparents last month. (When did they visit? Last month)
6. I always wake up at 6 AM. (When do I wake up? At 6 AM)

Adjuncts of Place

Adjuncts of place tell us WHERE an action happened or where something is located. They answer the question “Where?”.

Common examples of adjuncts of place include single words (adverbs) and phrases:

1. Adverbs: here, there, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, inside, outside, upstairs, downstairs, abroad, home, away.
2. Adverbial Phrases: in the house, at school, on the table, under the tree, near the river, behind the curtain, to the market, from Lagos, at the park, by the window.

Examples of Adjuncts of Place in Sentences:

1. The cat is sleeping under the table. (Where is the cat sleeping? Under the table)
2. Please come here. (Where should you come? Here)
3. They built a new house near the river. (Where did they build? Near the river)
4. My sister lives abroad. (Where does she live? Abroad)
5. The books are on the shelf. (Where are the books? On the shelf)
6. We went to the stadium for the match. (Where did we go? To the stadium)

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Explanation, Question and Answer, Guided Practice, Examples, Online Quizzes

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Activating Prior Knowledge

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the students and reviews their understanding of adverbs by asking questions like, “What is an adverb?” and “What kinds of information do adverbs give us?”

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions, recalling their previous knowledge of adverbs.

Learning Point: Recall of adverbs

Step 2: Meaning of Adjuncts

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Definition

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains the meaning of adjuncts, clarifying that they are a type of adverbial that adds extra, non-essential information to a sentence. The teacher provides simple examples and contrasts them with essential sentence components.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively, ask clarifying questions, and copy the definition into their notebooks.

Learning Point: Definition of adjuncts

Step 3: Adjuncts of Time

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Categorisation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces adjuncts of time, explaining their function (telling ‘when’ or ‘how long’) and provides a list of common adverbs and adverbial phrases that function as adjuncts of time.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, identify examples, and note down the types of adjuncts of time.

Learning Point: Understanding adjuncts of time

Step 4: Examples of Adjuncts of Time

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Practice/Application

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes several sentences on the board and guides students to identify the adjuncts of time. The teacher also asks students to form their own sentences using different adjuncts of time.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify adjuncts of time in given sentences and construct new sentences orally.

Learning Point: Identifying time adjuncts

Step 5: Adjuncts of Place

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Explanation/Categorisation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces adjuncts of place, explaining their function (telling ‘where’) and provides a list of common adverbs and adverbial phrases that function as adjuncts of place.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, identify examples, and note down the types of adjuncts of place.

Learning Point: Understanding adjuncts of place

Step 6: Examples of Adjuncts of Place

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Practice/Application

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher writes more sentences on the board and guides students to identify the adjuncts of place. The teacher also asks students to form their own sentences using different adjuncts of place.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils identify adjuncts of place in given sentences and construct new sentences orally.

Learning Point: Identifying place adjuncts

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. What is an adjunct?
2. Give two examples of adjuncts of time.
3. Give two examples of adjuncts of place.
4. Construct a sentence using an adjunct of time and another using an adjunct of place.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Assessment of understanding

Step 8: Note-Taking

Time: 10 minutes

Teaching Skill: Guided Writing

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils/students to copy the essential Board Summary notes on the meaning and types of adjuncts of time and place into their notebooks.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils/students copy the notes carefully into their notebooks.

Learning Point: Recording lesson notes

Step 9: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Consolidation

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarises the key points of the lesson, reiterating the importance of adjuncts in adding detail to sentences and encouraging students to practice using them correctly in their daily communication.

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask any final questions.

Learning Point: Lesson consolidation

Continuous Assessment/Further Study

Type: Homework/Practice Exercise

Instruction: Complete the following tasks in your English notebook. You may also attempt an online quiz on adjuncts if you have access.

1. Define an adjunct in your own words.
2. Identify the adjuncts in the following sentences and state whether they are adjuncts of time or place:
   1. The birds sing beautifully in the morning.
   2. My uncle arrived yesterday.
   3. We played football at the field.
   4. She always studies diligently.
   5. The meeting will hold next week.
3. Construct two sentences using an adjunct of time and two sentences using an adjunct of place.

Lesson Keywords

• Adjunct – A word, phrase, or clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb, providing additional, non-essential information.
• Adverbial – A word or phrase functioning as an adverb. Adjuncts are a type of adverbial.
• Adjunct of Time – An adjunct that indicates when an action occurs or for how long.
• Adjunct of Place – An adjunct that indicates where an action occurs or where something is located.

Differentiation

For students who need additional support, provide simpler sentences for identification exercises and pre-written adjuncts for sentence construction. Advanced learners can be challenged to identify multiple adjuncts in complex sentences or to write a short paragraph incorporating various adjuncts of time and place.

Suggested Lesson Videos

Search on YouTube for: adjuncts of time and place english grammar SSS1