Examination on Basic Technology
Class: JSS 2
Term: Third Term
Time: 1 Hour
Total Marks: 70

SECTION A: OBJECTIVES (40 Marks)
Instruction: Answer all questions.

1. ________ is a mechanical drive system that transmits power between two or more shafts using a continuous loop. (a) Belt drive (b) Chain drive (c) Gear drive (d) Hydraulic drive
2. A chain drive typically uses a toothed wheel called a ________ to engage with the chain. (a) pulley (b) sprocket (c) gear (d) flywheel
3. Which of the following is a common use of belt drives? (a) Bicycle (b) Conveyor belts (c) Car engine timing (d) Wind turbine
4. All of these are advantages of belt drives except ________. (a) Quiet operation (b) Shock absorption (c) High power transmission (d) Simple design
5. A major disadvantage of chain drives is that they require frequent ________. (a) tightening (b) lubrication (c) replacement (d) cleaning
6. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a V-belt drive? (a) High gripping power (b) Requires grooved pulleys (c) Suitable for long distances (d) Prone to slipping under high load
7. A flat belt drive is best suited for applications requiring ________. (a) high speed ratio (b) precise timing (c) long center distances (d) high torque transmission
8. The main reason for the lower efficiency of belt drives compared to chain drives is ________. (a) material cost (b) power loss due to slip (c) noise generation (d) complex maintenance
9. In a belt drive, the ________ is the component that transmits power by friction. (a) pulley (b) sprocket (c) shaft (d) chain
10. One significant advantage of chain drives over belt drives is their ability to transmit ________. (a) power over long distances (b) power silently (c) precise timing (d) power with shock absorption
11. A ________ is a rotating machine part having cut teeth, which mesh with another toothed part to transmit torque. (a) pulley (b) sprocket (c) gear (d) shaft
12. Which of the following gear types is used to change the direction of rotation by 90 degrees? (a) Spur gear (b) Helical gear (c) Bevel gear (d) Worm gear
13. Gears are commonly used in ________ to change speed and torque. (a) electric motors (b) bicycles (c) gearboxes (d) water pumps
14. The relationship between gear ratio and speed is that a higher gear ratio results in ________. (a) higher output speed (b) lower output speed (c) constant output speed (d) no change in speed
15. The main reason for lubricating gears is to ________. (a) increase their weight (b) reduce friction and wear (c) make them shine (d) increase their size
16. All of these are functions of lubricants in gear systems except ________. (a) reducing heat (b) preventing corrosion (c) increasing friction (d) cushioning impact
17. Which gear type is known for smooth and quiet operation due to its teeth being cut at an angle? (a) Spur gear (b) Helical gear (c) Rack and pinion (d) Internal gear
18. An example of a gear system used to convert rotational motion to linear motion is ________. (a) spur gear (b) bevel gear (c) worm gear (d) rack and pinion
19. If a driving gear has 40 teeth and a driven gear has 20 teeth, the gear ratio is ________. (a) 1:2 (b) 2:1 (c) 1:1 (d) 4:2
20. Failure to lubricate a gear system properly can lead to ________. (a) increased efficiency (b) reduced noise (c) premature failure (d) cooler operation
21. ________ machines use liquids, typically oil, to transmit power. (a) Pneumatic (b) Hydraulic (c) Electric (d) Mechanical
22. Pneumatic machines operate using ________ to transmit force. (a) water (b) oil (c) compressed air (d) vacuum
23. Which of the following is a common application of hydraulic machines? (a) Air compressor (b) Jackhammer (c) Car brakes (d) Spray gun
24. All of these are types of hydraulic machines except ________. (a) Hydraulic press (b) Hydraulic jack (c) Air cylinder (d) Hydraulic lift
25. The mode of operation of hydraulic machines relies on Pascal’s principle, which states that pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted ________ throughout the fluid. (a) unevenly (b) equally (c) slowly (d) quickly
26. Which of these is NOT a use of pneumatic machines? (a) Industrial robots (b) Dental drills (c) Excavators (d) Paint sprayers
27. An air wrench is an example of a ________ machine. (a) hydraulic (b) pneumatic (c) electrical (d) mechanical
28. The fluid commonly used in hydraulic systems is ________. (a) water (b) compressed air (c) oil (d) gasoline
29. The conversion of fluid power into mechanical force or motion in a hydraulic system is typically achieved by a ________. (a) pump (b) valve (c) cylinder/actuator (d) reservoir
30. Which of these is not a component of a basic pneumatic system? (a) Compressor (b) Actuator (c) Reservoir (d) Hydraulic pump
31. ________ is the process of clearing and making a construction site ready for building. (a) Excavation (b) Setting out (c) Site preparation (d) Foundation
32. Which of the following is a heavy mechanical plant used for site preparation? (a) Shovel (b) Head pan (c) Bulldozer (d) Trowel
33. All of these are common techniques of site preparation except ________. (a) Clearing vegetation (b) Levelling the ground (c) Pouring concrete (d) Soil compaction
34. Tools like hoes, shovels, and rakes are classified as ________ tools for site preparation. (a) heavy duty (b) mechanical (c) hand (d) power
35. The main purpose of site preparation is to ensure a ________ and stable base for the proposed structure. (a) soft (b) uneven (c) firm (d) wet
36. ________ is the process of marking out the positions of the building’s walls and foundations on the ground. (a) Site preparation (b) Excavation (c) Setting out (d) Concreting
37. Which of these materials is essential for marking lines during setting out? (a) Cement (b) Sand (c) String line (d) Gravel
38. The purpose of timbering during excavation is to ________. (a) decorate the trench (b) support the trench sides to prevent collapse (c) fill the trench (d) measure the depth of the trench
39. The correct step in setting out involves first establishing a ________ point. (a) temporary (b) reference (c) random (d) final
40. Excavation involves removing ________ from the ground to create space for foundations. (a) water (b) rocks (c) soil (d) timber

SECTION B: THEORY (30 Marks)
Instruction: Answer any THREE questions.

Question 1
(a) Define a belt drive system. (2 marks)
(b) State two advantages of a chain drive over a belt drive. (3 marks)
(c) Explain the importance of lubricants in gear systems. (3 marks)
(d) List two types of belt drives. (2 marks)

Question 2
(a) Differentiate between hydraulic and pneumatic machines. (2 marks)
(b) Describe the mode of operation of a hydraulic machine. (3 marks)
(c) Identify three mechanical plants used for site preparation. (3 marks)
(d) State two uses of pneumatic machines. (2 marks)

Question 3
(a) What is meant by “setting out” in building construction? (2 marks)
(b) List three tools or materials commonly used during setting out. (3 marks)
(c) Explain the purpose of “timbering” during excavation. (3 marks)
(d) Name two basic plumbing fittings required for water supply in buildings. (2 marks)

Question 4
(a) Define gear ratio. (2 marks)
(b) Explain the relationship between gear ratio and speed. (3 marks)
(c) Outline two techniques involved in site preparation for building construction. (3 marks)
(d) State two functions of lubricants in gear systems. (2 marks)

Objective Marking Scheme
Question 1 – ✅ (a) Belt drive
Question 2 – ✅ (b) sprocket
Question 3 – ✅ (b) Conveyor belts
Question 4 – ✅ (c) High power transmission
Question 5 – ✅ (b) lubrication
Question 6 – ✅ (d) Prone to slipping under high load
Question 7 – ✅ (c) long center distances
Question 8 – ✅ (b) power loss due to slip
Question 9 – ✅ (a) pulley
Question 10 – ✅ (c) precise timing
Question 11 – ✅ (c) gear
Question 12 – ✅ (c) Bevel gear
Question 13 – ✅ (c) gearboxes
Question 14 – ✅ (b) lower output speed
Question 15 – ✅ (b) reduce friction and wear
Question 16 – ✅ (c) increasing friction
Question 17 – ✅ (b) Helical gear
Question 18 – ✅ (d) rack and pinion
Question 19 – ✅ (b) 2:1
Question 20 – ✅ (c) premature failure
Question 21 – ✅ (b) Hydraulic
Question 22 – ✅ (c) compressed air
Question 23 – ✅ (c) Car brakes
Question 24 – ✅ (c) Air cylinder
Question 25 – ✅ (b) equally
Question 26 – ✅ (c) Excavators
Question 27 – ✅ (b) pneumatic
Question 28 – ✅ (c) oil
Question 29 – ✅ (c) cylinder/actuator
Question 30 – ✅ (d) Hydraulic pump
Question 31 – ✅ (c) Site preparation
Question 32 – ✅ (c) Bulldozer
Question 33 – ✅ (c) Pouring concrete
Question 34 – ✅ (c) hand
Question 35 – ✅ (c) firm
Question 36 – ✅ (c) Setting out
Question 37 – ✅ (c) String line
Question 38 – ✅ (b) support the trench sides to prevent collapse
Question 39 – ✅ (b) reference
Question 40 – ✅ (c) soil