Class: Junior Secondary School 1 (JSS1, JSS 1)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 5
Age: 12 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Literature In English
Curriculum Theme: Literature
Previous Lesson: The Genres of Literature, Prose, Drama, and Poetry
Topic: Genre of Literature (Part 1)
Subject Matter: Prose, Features, Types, Elements, Other aspects of Prose…

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:
(a) Identify prose as a genre of literature.
(b) State the main features of prose.
(c) Outline the types and elements of prose.
Affective Domain:
(a) Appreciate prose as an important form of storytelling.
(b) Show interest in reading prose works.
Psychomotor Domain:
(a) Read aloud short passages of prose with correct expression.
Social Domain:
(a) Work in groups to discuss examples of prose works.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
Literary Devices – “Prose: Definition and Examples” (https://literarydevices.net/prose/)
Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

Textbooks on Literature in English
Flash cards showing features and types of prose
Excerpts from short stories and novels
Chart highlighting the elements of prose
Whiteboard and markers

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson enables pupils to understand prose as a literary genre, recognize its features, types, and elements, and develop interest in exploring prose works.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have been introduced to the general meaning of literature and its genres. They can recall simple forms of storytelling and narratives they have read or heard.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Genres of Literature

Prose

Prose is a form of written or spoken language that is arranged in sentences and paragraphs without a regular pattern of rhythm as found in poetry. It is the most common form of literature used in novels, short stories, essays, and biographies.

The following are the features of prose:

Written in ordinary language.
Arranged in sentences and paragraphs.
Has a beginning, middle, and end.
Focuses on characters, plot, and setting.
Can be fiction (imaginary) or non-fiction (real).

Types of Prose

Prose exists in different forms, depending on the writer’s purpose.

The following are the types of prose:

Fiction: imaginative prose such as novels and short stories.
Non-Fiction: factual writing like biographies, essays, and reports.
Drama Prose: plays written in prose style.
Prose Poetry: written in prose but with poetic qualities.

Elements of Prose

Every prose work has basic building blocks that make it meaningful.

The following are the elements of prose:

Characters: the people, animals, or figures in the story.
Plot: the sequence of events in the story.
Setting: the time and place where the story happens.
Theme: the central idea or message of the story.
Point of View: the perspective from which the story is told.
Style: the writer’s unique way of expressing ideas.

Other Aspects of Prose

Prose also involves special techniques that make it engaging.

These include:

Dialogue – conversations between characters.
Narration – the act of telling the story.
Description – creating mental pictures with words.
Conflict – problems or struggles faced by characters.
Resolution – how problems or conflicts are solved.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Lecture, Discussion, Explanation, Reading Aloud, Group Work, Question and Answer, Use of Charts

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher asks pupils to recall any story they have read or heard and leads them to identify it as prose.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils mention examples of stories they know.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to prose as a form of literature.

Step 2: Features of Prose

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains the features of prose with examples from short stories.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the features of prose.

Step 3: Types of Prose

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher discusses types of prose and gives examples of novels, biographies, and essays.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils contribute by suggesting other examples.
Learning Point: Pupils identify different types of prose.

Step 4: Elements and Other Aspects of Prose

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Illustration
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains the elements and aspects of prose using charts and short story excerpts.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils participate in group reading and identify elements.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the elements and aspects of prose.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates or writes board summary for pupils to copy.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy notes into their exercise books.
Learning Point: Pupils have a record of the lesson content.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 3 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Mention two features of prose.
List three types of prose.
State two elements of prose.
Give one example of other aspects of prose.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions orally.
Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson objectives.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the lesson and encourages pupils to read more prose works.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and ask questions where necessary.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate prose as an important literary form.

Home Task: Give three correct examples of Genre of Literature (Part 1) and explain what each example shows.

Lesson Keywords

Prose – written language in sentences and paragraphs
Fiction – imaginative or made-up story
Non-Fiction – factual writing about real events or people
Plot – arrangement of events in a story
Theme – central message or main idea in a story

Differentiation

Teacher supports weaker learners with simple story examples while advanced learners analyze excerpts to identify prose elements.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Use interesting short stories to hold pupils’ attention. Encourage reading habits by recommending age-appropriate prose texts.