Lesson Note on ...

Lesson Notes
29 Jan
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Class: Primary Four
Term: Second Term
Subject: Basic Science and Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: Human Body – The Mouth IV
Topic: The Human Digestive System (Mouth)
content/Learning Area: What is the Alimentary Canal?, Parts of the Alimentary Canal
Time Allocation: 40 minutes


Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

  • Cognitive Domain:

  1. Identify the main parts of the alimentary canal.
  2. Describe the function of each part of the alimentary canal.
  3. Explain the importance of the digestive system.

    • Affective Domain:

  1. Show thankfulness for the complexity of the human digestive system.

    • Psychomotor Domain:

  1. Draw and label a diagram of the alimentary canal.

    • Social Domain:

  2. 1. Participate actively in class discussions.


    reference Materials

    • 9 – Years Basic education curriculum
    • Abuja Educational Resource Center Scheme of Work
    • NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
    • online Details
    • relevant Textbooks

    Instructional Materials

    to deliver this lesson, the teacher will use the following materials: Charts, Pictures, Whiteboard or projector.


    Rationale for the Lesson

    Understanding the digestive system is crucial for pupils’ overall health and well-being. This lesson provides a foundation for future learning about nutrition and healthy eating habits.


    Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

    Pupils have prior knowledge of food and eating.


    Lesson Content

    What is the Alimentary Canal?

    The digestive system, also called the alimentary canal, is a series of connected organs that work together to break down food so our bodies can absorb nutrients. It’s like a long tube running through your body,starting at your mouth and ending at your anus.

    Parts of the Alimentary Canal

    The alimentary canal consists of several key parts that work together to digest food.The following are the parts of the alimentary canal:

    1. #### Mouth:

    Digestion starts hear! Your teeth chew the food, and saliva mixes with it to help break it down.

    1. #### Esophagus:

    this muscular tube connects your mouth to your stomach. It pushes the food down.

    1. #### Stomach:

    A muscular sac where food is churned and mixed with digestive juices.This breaks down food further.

    1. #### Small Intestine:

    A long, coiled tube where most nutrients are absorbed. It has tiny finger-like projections called villi that increase the surface area for absorption.

    1. #### Large Intestine:

    Water is absorbed from undigested food here, and waste is formed into feces.

    1. #### Rectum:

    The final part of the large intestine,where feces are stored before leaving the body.

    1. #### Anus:

    The opening at the end of the digestive tract where feces leave the body.


    Teaching Methods

    To deliver this lesson,‌ ⁤the teacher will⁤ adopt⁤ the following methods: Explanation, Discussion, Question and answer, Presentation


    Instructional Procedures

    To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

    Step 1: Introduction

    Time: 5 minutes
    Teaching skill: Set Induction
    Teacher’s Activity: Ask pupils what they ate for breakfast and initiate a discussion about food and digestion.Pupils’ Activity: Respond to teacher’s questions and participate in the discussion.

    step 2: Explanation of Key Concepts

    Time: 10 minutes
    Teaching Skill: Explanation
    Teacher’s activity: Explain the concept of the alimentary canal and its function.
    Pupils’ Activity: Listen attentively and ask clarifying questions.

    Step 3: Demonstration of Alimentary Canal

    Time: 10 minutes
    Teaching Skill: Demonstration
    Teacher’s Activity: Show a diagram of the alimentary canal and explain each part.
    Pupils’ activity: Observe the diagram and follow along with the explanation.

    Step 4: Guided Practice

    Time: 10 minutes
    Teaching Skill: Guided Practice
    Teacher’s Activity: Guide pupils in drawing and labeling the alimentary canal.Pupils’ Activity: Draw and label the alimentary canal independently.

    Step 5: Note-Taking

    Time: 2 minutes
    Teaching Skill: Note-Taking
    teacher’s Activity: Guide pupils in taking notes on key concepts.
    Pupils’ activity: Take notes on key concepts.

    Step 6: Evaluation/Review

    Time: 3 minutes
    Teaching Skill: questioning
    Teacher’s Activity: Ask review questions to assess understanding.
    Pupils’ Activity: Answer review questions.

    Step 7: Conclusion

    time: 2 minutes
    Teaching Skill: Summarizing
    Teacher’s Activity: Summarize the key concepts of the lesson.Pupils’ Activity: Listen to the summary and ask any remaining questions.


    Lesson Keywords

    • Alimentary Canal – The series of connected organs that digest food.
    • Digestion – The process of breaking down food into smaller parts.
    • Esophagus – The tube connecting the mouth to the stomach.
    • Stomach – Organ where food is churned and mixed with digestive juices.
    • Small Intestine – Organ where most nutrients are absorbed.
    • Large Intestine – Organ where water is absorbed from undigested food.

    Lesson Evaluation

    to evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

    1. What are the main parts of the alimentary canal?
    2. What happens to food in the mouth?
    3. What is the role of the small intestine?
    4. Why is a healthy diet vital?
    5. Draw and label the alimentary canal.

    Assignment/Homework

    1. Draw and label the alimentary canal.
    2. Write a short paragraph explaining the function of each part of the alimentary canal.

    Differentiation

    • For slower learners: Provide one-on-one assistance and simplified explanations.
    • For advanced learners: encourage further research on the digestive system.
    • For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use visual aids, verbal explanations, and hands-on activities to cater to different learning styles.

    Note for Teachers

    Ensure to use visual aids and real-life examples to make the lesson engaging and understandable for the pupils. Provide individual assistance to pupils who may struggle with drawing and labeling the alimentary canal.

Last Update: May 4, 2025

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