Class: Primary 6
Term: Third term
Subject: Basic Science & Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: Mineral Resources: Importance of minirals in communication and economy
Topic: Mineral Resources
Content/Learning Area: Disadvantages of Mineral Exploitation: Over Flooding, Landslide, Earthquake
Time allocation: 40 Minutes

Performance Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Cognitive Domain: Identify the disadvantages of mineral exploitation.
• Affective Domain: Show concern for the environmental impact of mineral exploitation.
• Psychomotor Domain: Describe the effects of over flooding,landslides,and earthquakes caused by mineral exploitation.
• Social Domain: Participate in discussions about the risks associated with mineral exploitation.

reference Materials

• 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
• Abuja Educational Resource Centre Scheme of work
• NAPPS National Unified Scheme of Work
• Spectrum Basic Science and Technology Book 6
• evans Basic science and Technology Book 6

Instructional Materials

to deliver this lesson, the teacher will employ the help of the following materials: Pictures or videos showing over flooding, landslides, and earthquakes caused by mineral exploitation, charts illustrating the effects of mineral exploitation, and relevant textbooks.

Rationale for the Lesson

Understanding the disadvantages of mineral exploitation helps pupils appreciate the environmental consequences and the need for sustainable practices.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

pupils have basic knowledge of mineral resources and their uses.

Lesson Content

Mineral resources

Disadvantages of mineral Exploitation

Mineral exploitation,while economically beneficial,can lead to several environmental and social problems. Some of the major disadvantages include:

Over Flooding

Mineral exploitation activities, especially mining, can disrupt natural drainage systems, leading to over flooding. This can occur due to:

• Destruction of Vegetation: Removal of trees and plants reduces water absorption, increasing runoff.
• Altered Landforms: Mining activities can change the landscape, creating depressions that collect water.
• Damaged Waterways: Mining can damage rivers and streams, reducing their capacity to handle water flow.

Landslide

Landslides are a significant risk in areas where mineral exploitation occurs. The causes include:

• Deforestation: Removing trees destabilizes the soil, making it prone to landslides.
• Excavation: Mining involves digging into the earth, which can weaken slopes and cause them to collapse.
• vibrations: Blasting and heavy machinery can create vibrations that trigger landslides.

Earthquake

While less common, mineral exploitation can contribute to earthquakes thru:

• Induced Seismicity: Injecting fluids into the ground during mining operations can lubricate faults and trigger earthquakes.
• Altered Stress: Removing large amounts of rock can change the stress on the earth’s crust, perhaps leading to seismic activity.
• Collapse of Underground Structures: The collapse of mines can cause ground shaking and minor earthquakes.

Teaching Methods

To deliver this lesson,‌ ⁤the teacher will⁤ adopt⁤ the following methods: Discussion, Clarification, Visual Aids, Group Work.

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher reviews the previous lesson on types and uses of mineral resources.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils participate by answering questions about the previous lesson.

Step 2: Discussion on Risks

Time: 10 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher introduces the topic by asking pupils about potential risks associated with mining activities.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils share their ideas and experiences related to mining and its impact.

Step 3: Explanation of Over Flooding

Time: 10 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation, Visual Aids
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how mineral exploitation can lead to over flooding, using pictures or videos as visual aids.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and ask questions for clarification.

Step 4: Explanation of Landslides and Earthquakes

time: 10 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation, Visual Aids
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher explains how mineral exploitation can lead to landslides and earthquakes, using pictures or videos as visual aids.
Pupils’ Activity: pupils listen attentively and ask questions for clarification.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 2 Minutes
Teaching skill: Summarization
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher guides pupils to summarize the main points in their notebooks.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils write down the key points in their notebooks.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 2 Minutes
Teaching Skill: Assessment
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher asks questions to assess pupils’ understanding of the lesson.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer the questions to demonstrate their understanding.

Step 7: Conclusion

time: 1 Minute
Teaching Skill: Closure
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the lesson and assigns homework.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary and note down the homework.

Lesson Keywords

• Mineral Exploitation – The process of extracting minerals from the earth.
• Over Flooding – The inundation of land due to excessive water.
• Landslide – The collapse of a mass of earth or rock from a mountain or cliff.
• Earthquake – A sudden and violent shaking of the ground, sometimes causing great destruction, consequently of movements within the earth’s crust or volcanic action.
• Deforestation – The clearing of forests.
• Induced Seismicity – Earthquakes caused by human activities.

lesson Evaluation

To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:

1. List three disadvantages of mineral exploitation.
2. Explain how deforestation contributes to landslides.
3. Describe how mining activities can lead to over flooding.

Assignment/Homework

1. Research and write a short paragraph on a real-life example of a landslide caused by mining activities in Nigeria.
2. draw a diagram illustrating how mineral exploitation can lead to over flooding.

Differentiation

• for slower learners: Provide simplified explanations and visual aids. Pair them with stronger learners for peer support.
• For advanced learners: Encourage them to research and present on sustainable mining practices.
• For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use videos, discussions, and hands-on activities to cater to different learning styles.

Note for Teachers

Ensure to use local examples and case studies to make the lesson more relatable to the pupils. Emphasize the importance of responsible mining practices to minimize environmental damage.