Class: Senior Secondary School 1 (SS1 / SSS 1)
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 3
Age: 15 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: GSM Maintenance And Repairs
Curriculum Theme: Trade
Previous Lesson: Principles Of AC And DC Quantities: Differences Between AC And DC Quantities.
Topic: Simple Electric Circuits
Subject Matter: Ohm’s law, Current definition, Voltage definition, Resistance definition, Power definition

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

Cognitive Domain:

Define electric current, voltage, resistance, and power.
State Ohm’s Law.
Explain the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance.

Affective Domain:

Appreciate the importance of understanding basic electrical terms and laws in circuit analysis.
Show interest in learning more about electrical principles.

Psychomotor Domain:

Identify common electrical symbols for components like resistors and power supplies.
Draw a simple circuit diagram indicating current flow.

Participate actively in class discussions regarding electrical concepts.
Work collaboratively to answer questions about simple circuits.

Reference Materials

The following resources were used in planning this lesson:

9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
State Unified Scheme of Work
Basic Electricity and Electronics for Senior Secondary Schools by A. A. Adebayo

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

A resistor
A power supply
Connecting wires
A multimeter
A chart showing Ohm’s Law formula

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils to understand the fundamental principles governing how electricity works in circuits. Understanding these basics is important for diagnosing and repairing electrical devices, including GSM phones, and for ensuring safety when working with electricity.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils have a basic understanding of electricity and its uses from their Junior Secondary School science classes.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Simple Electric Circuits

Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s Law describes the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit.

It states that the current flowing through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points and inversely proportional to the resistance between them, provided the temperature and other physical conditions remain constant.

The formula for Ohm’s Law is:

V = I x R (Voltage = Current x Resistance)
I = V / R (Current = Voltage / Resistance)
R = V / I (Resistance = Voltage / Current)

Where:

V is Voltage, measured in Volts (V)
I is Current, measured in Amperes (A)
R is Resistance, measured in Ohms (Ω)

Electric Current

Electric current is the flow of electric charge, typically electrons, through a conductor or space.

The unit of electric current is the Ampere (A).

Voltage (Potential Difference)

Voltage, also known as potential difference, is the electrical force or “pressure” that pushes electric current through a circuit.

It is the difference in electrical potential energy between two points in a circuit.

The unit of voltage is the Volt (V).

Resistance

Resistance is the opposition a material offers to the flow of electric current.

Materials with high resistance impede current flow, while materials with low resistance allow current to flow easily.

The unit of resistance is the Ohm (Ω).

Electric Power

Electric power is the rate at which electrical energy is converted into another form of energy, such as heat, light, or mechanical energy.

The unit of electric power is the Watt (W).

The formula for electric power is:

P = V x I (Power = Voltage x Current)

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques

Discussion, Lecture, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher greets the pupils and asks them what they understand by electricity and how it is useful in their daily lives. The teacher then introduces the topic, “Simple Electric Circuits,” and explains that understanding basic electrical terms and laws is fundamental to working with electrical devices.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond to the teacher’s questions and listen attentively to the introduction.
Learning Point: Pupils are engaged and understand the relevance of the topic.

Step 2: Ohm’s Law

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation/Demonstration
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher states Ohm’s Law, writes the formula (V=IR) on the board, and explains each component (Voltage, Current, Resistance) and their units. The teacher may use the multimeter, resistor, and power supply to briefly demonstrate how voltage, current, and resistance are related, by varying the voltage and showing the effect on current (if possible and safe).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and ask questions for clarification. They observe the demonstration.
Learning Point: Pupils understand Ohm’s Law and its formula.

Step 3: Electric Current

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Definition/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines electric current as the flow of electric charge and states its unit (Ampere). The teacher emphasizes that current is what does the work in a circuit.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and write down the definition and unit of current.
Learning Point: Pupils can define electric current and state its unit.

Step 4: Voltage (Potential Difference)

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Definition/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines voltage as the electrical pressure or force that drives current. The teacher explains it as the potential difference between two points and states its unit (Volt).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and record the definition and unit of voltage.
Learning Point: Pupils can define voltage and state its unit.

Step 5: Resistance

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Definition/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines resistance as the opposition to current flow and states its unit (Ohm). The teacher explains that different materials have different levels of resistance.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and write down the definition and unit of resistance.
Learning Point: Pupils can define resistance and state its unit.

Step 6: Electric Power

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Definition/Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher defines electric power as the rate at which electrical energy is used or converted. The teacher introduces the formula P = VI and states its unit (Watt).
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen, take notes, and understand the concept of electric power.
Learning Point: Pupils can define electric power and state its unit.

Step 7: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes

Teaching Skill: Questioning/Assessment

Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

Define electric current.
What is voltage, and what is its unit?
State Ohm’s Law.
Explain the term “resistance” in an electric circuit and state its unit.
What is electric power and what is its unit?

Pupils’ Activity: Pupils answer orally and in writing.

Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the lesson.

Step 8: Conclusion

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarization/Consolidation
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher summarizes the key points of the lesson, reiterating the definitions of current, voltage, resistance, power, and Ohm’s Law. The teacher assigns homework, asking pupils to research practical applications of Ohm’s Law in everyday devices.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen to the summary, ask any final questions, and note down the homework.
Learning Point: Pupils consolidate their understanding of the lesson and are prepared for further learning.

Lesson Keywords

Ohm’s Law – A law stating that current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance.
Current – The flow of electric charge, measured in Amperes (A).
Voltage – The electrical potential difference that drives current, measured in Volts (V).
Resistance – The opposition to current flow, measured in Ohms (Ω).
Power – The rate at which electrical energy is used or converted, measured in Watts (W).

Differentiation

For pupils who grasp concepts quickly, the teacher can provide additional challenge questions involving simple calculations using Ohm’s Law. For pupils needing more support, the teacher can provide simplified notes and spend more time explaining definitions with visual aids, ensuring they can at least define the core terms.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Ensure that all safety precautions are observed if conducting live demonstrations with electrical components. Emphasize the practical relevance of these concepts in GSM maintenance and other electronic repairs. Encourage pupils to draw and label simple circuit diagrams.