Lesson Note on Post-Harvest Activities: Processing & Preservation of Crops for Primary 5
Class: Primary Five
Term: First Term
Subject: Pre-vocational Studies
Curriculum Theme: agricultural Science
previous Lesson: Harvesting Matured Crops – How To Grow Crops
Topic: Post-Harvest Activities
Content/Learning Area: Processing, Preservation, Importance of Post-harvest activities
Time Allocation: 40 minutes
Performance Objectives
By the end of the lesson, pupils shoudl be able to:
- Cognitive Domain:
- Explain what post-harvest activities are and why they are meaningful.
- Explain the importance of proper post-harvest handling in reducing food wastage.
- Psychomotor Domain:
- Demonstrate the correct techniques for sorting and storing crops.
- Affective Domain:
- Appreciate the role of proper post-harvest handling in reducing food wastage.
- Social Domain:
1. Work collaboratively with peers during activities.
- 9 – Years Basic Education Curriculum
- Abuja Educational Resource Center Scheme of Work
- NAPPS national Unified Scheme of Work
- Online Facts
- Relevant textbooks
- Whiteboard or chart
- Markers or chalk
- Pictures or real examples of crops
- Examples of different preservation methods (e.g., dried beans, canned fruits)
- Shelling (removing maize kernels from the cob)
- Milling (removing rice husks)
- Sorting (separating crops by size and quality)
- Threshing (separating grains from stalks)
- Cleaning (removing dirt and debris from harvested crops)
- Drying (removing moisture from beans and grains)
- Airtight containers (protecting crops from pests and moisture)
- Freezing (slowing down spoilage in perishable crops)
- Bottling (preserving fruits and vegetables)
- Refrigeration (slowing down spoilage using low temperatures)
- Salting (preserving meat and fish)
- Pickling (preserving food in vinegar or brine)
- Smoking (preserving meat and fish using smoke)
- Canning (sealing food in airtight containers after processing)
- Irradiation (exposing food to ionizing radiation to kill microorganisms)
- Prevents spoilage
- Reduces food wastage
- Enhances marketability
- Extends shelf life
- Maintains nutritional value
- Improves farmer profitability
- Supports food security
- Increases availability of food
- adds value to agricultural products
- Post-Harvest – Activities carried out after harvesting crops.
- Processing – Preparing crops for immediate use.
- Preservation – Storing crops to prevent spoilage.
- Spoilage – The process of food decaying and becoming unfit for consumption.
- Shelf Life – The length of time a food item remains usable.
- What are post-harvest activities, and why are they important?
- Name two processing methods for crops.
- List three preservation methods and explain how they work.
- How does proper preservation reduce food waste?
- Research and write about a specific preservation method used in your community.
- List five post-harvest activities carried out on a farm you know.
- For slower learners: Provide one-on-one assistance and simplified explanations.
- For advanced learners: Encourage them to research additional preservation methods and present thier findings to the class.
- For visual/auditory/kinesthetic learners: Use visual aids, demonstrations, and hands-on activities to cater to different learning styles.
Reference Materials
Instructional materials
To deliver this lesson, the teacher will employ the help of the following materials:
Rationale for the Lesson
This lesson is crucial as it teaches pupils the importance of preserving food and reducing waste. Understanding post-harvest activities ensures that the hard work of farming doesn’t go to waste, leading to better food security and economic benefits.
Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge
The teacher will begin by asking pupils what they remember from the previous lesson on harvesting. A brief review of harvesting techniques will be conducted, followed by introducing the concept of post-harvest activities as the next crucial step in crop management.
Lesson Content
Post-Harvest Activities
Post-harvest activities are the steps taken after harvesting to prepare crops for use, storage, or sale. There are two main types: processing and preservation.
Processing
Processing involves preparing crops for use.Examples are:
Preservation
Preservation involves storing crops to prevent spoilage. Methods include:
Proper preservation extends shelf life and reduces food waste.
Importance of Post-Harvest Activities
Post-harvest activities are important for several reasons. the following are some of the reasons:
Teaching Methods
To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following methods: Discussion, demonstration, Question and Answer.
Instructional Procedures
To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:
Step 1: Introduction
Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Review previous lesson, introduce post-harvest activities.
Pupils’ Activity: Participate in discussion,listen attentively.
Step 2: Clarification of Key Concepts
Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explaining
Teacher’s Activity: Explain processing and preservation methods using visuals.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen, ask questions, take notes.
Step 3: Demonstration/Guided Practice
Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Demonstrating
Teacher’s Activity: Demonstrate sorting and storing techniques.
Pupils’ Activity: Observe, participate in guided practice.
Step 4: Autonomous Practice
Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Monitoring
Teacher’s Activity: Supervise pupils as they work independently.
pupils’ Activity: Complete assigned tasks.
Step 5: Note-Taking
Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Guiding
Teacher’s Activity: Guide pupils in summarizing key points.Pupils’ Activity: take notes, summarize key concepts.
Step 6: Evaluation/Review
Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: Ask review questions.
Pupils’ Activity: Answer questions.
Step 7: conclusion
Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Summarizing
Teacher’s Activity: Summarize the lesson and assign homework.
Pupils’ Activity: Listen and note homework.
Lesson Keywords
Lesson Evaluation
To evaluate the learning, the teacher asks pupils to:
Assignment/Homework
Differentiation
Note for Teachers
Ensure to use real-life examples and practical demonstrations to make the lesson engaging and relatable for the pupils. Encourage active participation and provide constructive feedback to reinforce learning.
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