Lesson Note on Human Development: Infancy, Adolescence, and Adulthood for JSS 2

Class: Junior Secondary School 2 (JSS 2)
Term: 1st Term
Week: 6
Age: 13 years
Duration: 45 minutes
Subject: Basic Science And Technology
Curriculum Theme: Basic Science
Previous Lesson: Measurement of Growth and Development Changes in Height, Weight, and Size
Topic: Human Development (Part 1)
Subject Matter: Developmental changes: Infancy, Adolescents, Adulthood, Characteristics feature of stage of development.

Specific Objectives

By the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to:

• Cognitive Domain:
  (a) Identify the stages of human development.
  (b) State the major characteristics of infancy, adolescence, and adulthood.
• Affective Domain:
  (a) Appreciate the importance of each stage of development in human growth.
  (b) Develop respect for the needs of individuals in different stages of life.
• Psychomotor Domain:
  (a) Draw and label simple diagrams showing stages of human development.
• Social Domain:
  (a) Work cooperatively in groups to discuss developmental changes and challenges.

Reference Materials

The following resources was used in planning this lesson:

• 9 Years Basic Education Curriculum
• Lagos State Unified Scheme of work for Junior Secondary Schools
• MedlinePlus – “Infant and Newborn Development” (https://medlineplus.gov/infantandnewborndevelopment.html)
• Relevant Textbooks

Instructional Materials

The teacher will teach this lesson with the aid of:

• Charts showing human development stages
• Flash cards with keywords and features of each stage
• Diagrams and pictures of infants, adolescents, and adults
• Multimedia presentation (if available)
• Whiteboard and markers

Rationale for the Lesson

This lesson helps pupils understand the natural stages of human development, their features, and importance, thereby preparing them for self-awareness and interpersonal relationships.

Prerequisite/Previous Knowledge

Pupils are familiar with basic concepts of growth and change from earlier classes and can recall that humans grow from birth into adults.

Lesson Content/Board Summary

Human Development

Human development refers to the gradual physical, mental, emotional, and social changes that occur as a person grows from birth to adulthood. It occurs in stages with unique features.

Infancy

Infancy is the period from birth to about two years of age. It is the stage of rapid growth and development.

The following are characteristics of infancy:

1. Fast physical growth in height and weight.
2. Development of teeth.
3. Learning to crawl, stand, and walk.
4. Beginning to talk and communicate.
5. Dependence on parents or adults for survival.

Adolescence

Adolescence is the stage between childhood and adulthood, usually between ages 10 to 19. It is a period of physical, emotional, and social changes.

The following are characteristics of adolescence:

1. Rapid body growth and changes in body shape.
2. Development of secondary sexual characteristics like deeper voice in boys and menstruation in girls.
3. Increased desire for independence.
4. Stronger emotions and mood changes.
5. Formation of identity and peer influence.

Adulthood

Adulthood is the stage of maturity that starts around the age of 20 years and above. It is a time of responsibility and independence.

The following are characteristics of adulthood:

1. Full physical maturity and strength.
2. Ability to reproduce and raise families.
3. Increased responsibility in work and society.
4. Independence in decision-making.
5. Slower physical changes as age increases.

Teaching Methods/Instructional Techniques:

Discussion, Lecture, Explanation, Demonstration, Question and Answer, Group Work, Visual Aids

Instructional Procedures

To deliver this lesson, the teacher will adopt the following steps:

Step 1: Introduction

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Set Induction
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher asks pupils questions on how they have changed since they were babies, linking it to human development.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils share examples of their growth and changes.
Learning Point: Pupils are introduced to the topic of human development.

Step 2: Infancy

Time: 8 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains and lists the characteristics of infancy with charts and pictures.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils observe, listen, and take notes.
Learning Point: Pupils understand the main features of infancy.

Step 3: Adolescence

Time: 10 minutes
Teaching Skill: Discussion
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher discusses the characteristics of adolescence, using real-life examples pupils can relate to.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils share personal experiences and answer questions.
Learning Point: Pupils learn the developmental changes of adolescence.

Step 4: Adulthood

Time: 7 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher explains adulthood, highlighting its characteristics and responsibilities.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils recognize the main features of adulthood.

Step 5: Note-Taking

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Explanation
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher dictates or writes the summary of the lesson on the board.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils copy notes into their exercise books.
Learning Point: Pupils have a written record of the lesson.

Step 6: Evaluation/Review

Time: 5 minutes
Teaching Skill: Questioning
Teacher’s Activity: The teacher evaluates the learning by asking the following questions:

1. List three characteristics of infancy.
2. Mention three characteristics of adolescence.
3. State three characteristics of adulthood.
   Pupils’ Activity: Pupils respond orally to questions.
   Learning Point: Pupils demonstrate understanding of the objectives.

Step 7: Conclusion

Time: 2 minutes
Teaching Skill: Reinforcement
Teacher’s Activity: Teacher summarizes the lesson and encourages pupils to respect and value each stage of human development.
Pupils’ Activity: Pupils listen attentively and ask questions.
Learning Point: Pupils appreciate human development stages.

Lesson Keywords

• Infancy – early stage of life from birth to two years
• Adolescence – period between childhood and adulthood
• Adulthood – stage of full growth and responsibility
• Growth – increase in size and body structure
• Development – gradual changes in skills, behavior, and abilities

Differentiation

Provide visual aids and real-life examples for all learners, allow advanced learners to present group findings, and guide slower learners with simpler explanations.

Note for teachers using this lesson plan

Encourage class participation by linking examples to pupils’ own life experiences. Emphasize respect for all stages of life and manage sensitive discussions carefully.